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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 1 (1990), S. 7-13 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: fault simulation ; sequential circuits ; test generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new fast fault simulation algorithm called differential fault simulation, DSIM, for synchronous sequential circuits is described. Unlike concurrent fault simulation, for every test vector, DSIM simulates the good machine and each faulty machine separately, one after another, rather than simultaneously simulating all machines. Therefore, DSIM dramatically reduces the memory requirement and the overhead in the memory management in concurrent fault simulation. Also, unlike serial fault simulation, DSIM simulates each machine by reprocessing its differences from the previously simulated machine. In this manner, DSIM is more efficient than serial fault simulation. Experiments have shown that DSIM runs 3 to 12 times faster than an existing concurrent fault simulator. In addition, owing to the simplicity of this algorithm, DSIM is very easy to implement and maintain. An implementation consists of only about 300 lines of “C” language statements added to the event-driven true-value simulator in an existing sequential circuit test generator program, STG3. Currently DSIM uses the zero-delay timing model. The addition of alternative delay models is under development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11 (1998), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Solvolysis ; Grunwald-Winstein-type analysis ; Hammett-type analysis ; YxBnCl scale ; 1-aryl-1-phenylmethyl cations ; Mulliken population analysis ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Rate constants of solvolysis of α-tert-butyl(2-naphthyl)methyl chloride (1), 9-fluorenyl chloride (2) and a series of monosubstituted benzhydryl chlorides (3) in a wide range of solvents were measured. Grunwald-Winstein-type correlation analysis of log k for 2 and 3 against YBnCl, with or without nucleophilicity N, yielded less satisfactory linear correlations than that against log k(1). A new scale of solvent ionizing power, YxBnCl, for the correlation of solvolytic reactivities of benzylic chlorides with extended charge delocalization based on log k(1) was developed. Application to the mechanistic study suggested the solvolysis of 2 and 4-nitrobenzhydryl chloride were non-limiting. Hammett plots against σ+ constants exhibited more negative ρ values in less nucleophilic solvents. In a benzhydryl chloride containing a strong deactivating substituent, such as 4-nitro, the positive charge delocalizes mainly over the unsubstituted ring in the cationic transition state. The uneven charge distribution was also confirmed by Mulliken population analysis at the level of the RHF/6-31G*//RHF/3-21G(*) basis set for cations. Comparison of the results of correlation analysis using the equation log(k/k0) = mY vs the equation log(k/k0) = mY+hI, and using the equation log(k/k0) = mY+lN vs the equation log(k/k0) = mY+lN+hI indicated the use of YBnCl or YxBnCl could give a better understanding of solvolytic mechanisms than the combinatorial use of YCl and I. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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