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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in neurohypophysial axons of the rat: Possible involvement in transport, storage and release of neurosecretory material (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 415-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (rat) ; Axoplasmic transport ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Neurosecretory granules ; Microvesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intra-axonal organization of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was studied in the neurohypophysis of rats during and after water deprivation. Parallel to conventional electron microscopy, the material was treated with a double impregnation staining technique specifically designed to contrast the intracellular membranous system. In conventionally stained ultrathin sections from severely dehydrated rats most axons appeared to be free of membranous organelles, whereas corresponding axons treated with the double-impregnation technique generally exhibited a highly developed system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In axonal endings, both techniques revealed a profusion of microvesicles in intimate relationship with tubular elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In short-term (12 h) rehydrated rats, a similarly developed system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum was still observed at all axonal levels with both procedures. After 24 to 48 h of rehydration the tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum exhibited, in double impregnated material, numerous dilatations which resembled the adjacent neurosecretory granules. In conventionally stained ultrathin sections, an accumulation of electron dense material occurred within tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the more proximal axonal segments, while in the more terminal segments, which contained numerous elongated granules, membrane continuity was frequently observed between newly formed granules and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. After 7 days of rehydration the general pattern of the axonal smooth endoplasmic reticulum was comparable to that in untreated rats. These results are discussed in the light of a suggested involvement of the axonal smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the non-granular transport of neurosecretory material in connection with (1) storage in distally formed granules, and (2) release via microvesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236080
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of the orthograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the supraoptico-neurohypophysial tract of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 525-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract ; Orthograde transport ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Neurosecretory granules ; Microvesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used as a protein tracer in order to visualize the ultrastructural sites of the orthograde transport of protein macromolecules in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract of the rat. After a local injection of HRP within the supraoptic nucleus, the reaction product was observed: (1) mainly in tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the more proximal part of the axons, and (2) in granules and microvesicles of the axon terminals. Observations on thick sections clearly showed the existence of a relationship between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum containing HRP and the labeled granules or microvesicles. These data are in good agreement with previous findings showing the existence of direct continuity between tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a fraction of the neurosecretory granules and microvesicles. This evidence further reinforces the hypothesis that the latter organelles may possibly originate locally in the axons from the tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which may therefore be proposed as a possible vehicle for a non-granular intra-axonal transport of neurosecretory material in neurosecretory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236171
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural organization of actin filaments in neurosecretory axons of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 323-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory axons ; Actin filaments ; Microtubules ; Neurosecretory granules ; Microvesicles ; Coated vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural organization of actin filaments was studied in the neurohypophysial system of the rat after heavy meromyosin (HMM) labeling. This structural pattern is characterized by (1) a straight arrangement of the filaments parallel to the axonal axis in the proximal nondilated parts of axons, (2) a central location within axonal dilatations, and (3) a higher concentration within axonal endings where the filaments form a complex three-dimensional network. The relationships of the filaments to other axonal structures and organelles was further studied by use of electron microscopic stereoscopy. The actin filaments frequently appear anchored to the axolemma with either polar arrangements of the arrowhead decoration (i) at structurally undifferentiated sites, and (ii) more particularly within perivascular endings, at sites with electron-dense thickenings. In all axonal divisions actin filaments are also found to bind to filamentous material surrounding the microtubules and to various organelles. Within the terminal portions of the axons actin filaments exhibit close relationships to neurosecretory granules and to the numerous smooth microvesicles found in this region. Such preferential relationships are particularly observed both in axon terminals and in pituicytes, with coated vesicles frequently binding actin filaments. In water-deprived rats, the concentration of actin filaments is conspicuously increased along the axons and more clearly in the axonal swellings and endings, where they form a more complex and interconnected network. These data are discussed in the light of a possible involvement of contractile proteins in the mechanisms of axonal transport and terminal release of neurosecretory products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249215
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