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  • 1
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    Connectomic reconstruction of the inner plexiform layer in the mouse retina (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-09
    Description: Comprehensive high-resolution structural maps are central to functional exploration and understanding in biology. For the nervous system, in which high resolution and large spatial extent are both needed, such maps are scarce as they challenge data acquisition and analysis capabilities. Here we present for the mouse inner plexiform layer--the main computational neuropil region in the mammalian retina--the dense reconstruction of 950 neurons and their mutual contacts. This was achieved by applying a combination of crowd-sourced manual annotation and machine-learning-based volume segmentation to serial block-face electron microscopy data. We characterize a new type of retinal bipolar interneuron and show that we can subdivide a known type based on connectivity. Circuit motifs that emerge from our data indicate a functional mechanism for a known cellular response in a ganglion cell that detects localized motion, and predict that another ganglion cell is motion sensitive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmstaedter, Moritz -- Briggman, Kevin L -- Turaga, Srinivas C -- Jain, Viren -- Seung, H Sebastian -- Denk, Winfried -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 8;500(7461):168-74. doi: 10.1038/nature12346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. mhelmstaedter@neuro.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23925239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amacrine Cells/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Communication ; *Connectome ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Models, Biological ; Neuropil/physiology ; Retina/*cytology/*physiology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: The proper connectivity between neurons is essential for the implementation of the algorithms used in neural computations, such as the detection of directed motion by the retina. The analysis of neuronal connectivity is possible with electron microscopy, but technological limitations have impeded the acquisition of high-resolution data on a large enough scale. Here we show, using serial block-face electron microscopy and two-photon calcium imaging, that the dendrites of mouse starburst amacrine cells make highly specific synapses with direction-selective ganglion cells depending on the ganglion cell's preferred direction. Our findings indicate that a structural (wiring) asymmetry contributes to the computation of direction selectivity. The nature of this asymmetry supports some models of direction selectivity and rules out others. It also puts constraints on the developmental mechanisms behind the formation of synaptic connections. Our study demonstrates how otherwise intractable neurobiological questions can be addressed by combining functional imaging with the analysis of neuronal connectivity using large-scale electron microscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggman, Kevin L -- Helmstaedter, Moritz -- Denk, Winfried -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):183-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09818.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Biomedical Optics, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. briggman@mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amacrine Cells/cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques ; Retina/anatomy & histology/*cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Strahlmischung in einem Behälter mit äußerer Umwälzung (Umlaufhäufigkeit, Mischzeit)Vortrag von V. Denk auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 30. Sept. bis 2. Okt. 1981 in Düsseldorf. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 54 (1982), S. 174-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Strahlmischer ; Umlaufhäufigkeit ; Mischzeit ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330540218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OH Radical-induced chemical reactions of polynucleotide complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(A + U), the 1:1 complex of poly(riboadenylic acid), poly A, and poly(ribouridylic acid), poly U, at pH 8 and self-complexed poly A at pH 4 exist as double helices in dilute aqueous solution. These complexes exhibit a similar behavior as native calf thymus DNA upon irradiation with 16 MeV electron pulses. Thus time resolved Rayleight light scattering measurements showed that crosslinking and double strand breakage can be clearly separated, the former proceeding faster than the latter. The extent to which the two processes occur depends on the ionic strength of the solution. At ionic strenghts exceeding 10 -1 mol/l crosslinking is the dominant process indicating that hcrit, the critical length between two single strand breaks for the accomplishment of double strand breaks, is strongly reduced. The investigation of complexes of poly A and Mg2+ ions revealed that the destruction of salt bridges is the rate determining process for the decrease of the light scattering intensity due to mainchain scission. This implies that life-times of salt bridges can be determined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840117
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leichtmetallanalyse. Von H. Ginsberg. 4. Auflage 1965, XVI/338 S., geb. DM 48, - . Walter de Gruyter u. Co., Berlin (1966)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 89-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19660170121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerische Simulationen zur Umströmung einzelner Partikel in unterschiedlichen Strömungsformen und -geometrien (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1131-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330670970
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