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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization and denitrification in upland, nearly saturated and flooded subtropical soil I. Effect of nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Denitrification ; N mineralization ; Semiarid subtropical soils ; Flooded rice systems ; Nearly saturated rice systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of fertilizer N applied through nitrate and ammoniacal sources on the availability of nitrate, supply of C, and gaseous N losses via denitrification (using acetylene inhibition technique) in a semiarid subtropical soil (Typic Ustochrepts) was investigated in a growth chamber simulating upland [60% water-filled pore space (WFPS)], nearly saturated (90% WFPS), and flooded (120% WFPS) conditions. The rate of denitrification was very low in the upland soil conditions, irrespective of fertilizer N treatments. Increasing water content to nearly saturated and flooded conditions resulted in four- to sixfold higher rates of denitrification within 2 days, suggesting that the denitrifying activity commences quickly. Results of this study reveal that (1) under restricted aeration, these soils could support high rates of denitrification (∼6 mg N kg–1 day–1) for short periods when nitrate is present; (2) application of fertilizer N as nitrate enhances N losses via denitrification (∼10 mg N kg–1 day–1) – however, the supply of available C determines the intensity and duration of denitrification; (3) when fertilizer N is applied as an ammoniacal form, nitrification proceeds slowly and nitrate availability limits denitrification in flooded soil; (4) the nearly saturated soil, being partially aerobic, supported greater nitrification of applied ammoniacal fertilizer N than flooded soil resulting in higher relative rates of denitrification; and (5) under aerobic soil conditions, 26 mg mineral N kg–1 accumulated in control soil over a 16-day period, demonstrating a modest capacity of such semiarid subtropical soils, low in organic matter, to supply N to growing plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050640
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization and denitrification in upland, nearly saturated and flooded subtropical soil II. Effect of organic manures varying in N content and C:N ratio (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Denitrification ; N mineralization ; Semiarid subtropical soils ; Flooded rice systems ; Water regime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrogen and carbon mineralization of cattle manure (N=6 g kg–1; C:N=35), pressmud (N=17.4 g kg–1; C:N=22), green manure (N=26.8 g kg–1; C:N=14) and poultry manure (N=19.5 g kg–1; C:N=12) and their influence on gaseous N losses via denitrification (using the acetylene inhibition technique) in a semiarid subtropical soil (Typic Ustochrepts) were investigated in a growth chamber simulating upland, nearly saturated, and flooded conditions. Mineralization of N started quickly in all manures, except pressmud where immobilization of soil mineral N was observed for an initial 4 days. Accumulation of mineral N in upland soil plus denitrified N revealed that mineralization of cattle manure-, pressmud-, poultry manure- and green manure-N over 16 days was 12, 20, 29 and 44%, respectively, and was inversely related to C:N ratio (R 2=0.703, P=0.05) and directly to N content of organic manure (R 2=0.964, P=0.01). Manure-C mineralized over 16 days ranged from 6% to 50% in different manures added to soil under different moisture regimes and was, in general, inversely related to initial C:N ratio of manure (R 2=0.690, P=0.05). Cumulative denitrification losses over 16 days in control soils (without manure) under upland, nearly saturated, and flooded conditions were 5, 23, and 24 mg N kg–1, respectively. Incorporation of manures enhanced denitrification losses by 60-82% in upland, 52–163% in nearly saturated, and 26–107% in flooded soil conditions over a 16-day period, demonstrating that mineralized N and C from added manures could result in 2- to 3-fold higher rate of denitrification. Cumulative denitrification losses were maximal with green manure, followed by poultry manure, pressmud and cattle manure showing an increase in denitrification with increasing N content and decreasing C:N ratio of manure. Manure-amended nearly saturated soils supported 14–35% greater denitrification than flooded soils due to greater mineralization and supply of C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050641
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of rice plants in regulating mechanisms of methane missions (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 20-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Methane production ; Methane oxidation ; Methane emission ; Rice fields ; Plant-mediated gas transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Rice plants play a pivotal role in different levels of the methane (CH4) budget of rice fields. CH4 production in rice fields largely depends on plant-borne material that can be either decaying tissue or root exudates. The quantity and quality of root exudates is affected by mechanical impedance, presence of toxic elements, nutrient deficiencies, water status of growing medium, and nitrogenase activity in the rhizosphere. CH4 oxidation in rice fields is localized in the rhizosphere where the concentration gradients of CH4 and oxygen overlap. CH4 oxidation capacity is a function of the downward transport of oxygen through the aerenchyma, which, in turn, also acts as a conduit for CH4 from the soil to the atmosphere. The decisive step in the passage of CH4 through rice plant is the transition from root to stem. However, rice plants show an enormous variety of morphological and physiological properties, including differences in root exudation and gas transfer capacity. Comparative studies on different cultivars are deemed crucial for accomplishing a better understanding of the mechanisms of CH4 consumption in the rhizosphere and CH4 transport through the rice plant as well as the interaction of these processes. The results of such studies are considered tools for devising mitigation options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050619
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