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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-05-12
    Description: R-spondin proteins strongly potentiate Wnt signalling and function as stem-cell growth factors. Despite the biological and therapeutic significance, the molecular mechanism of R-spondin action remains unclear. Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6. Inhibition of ZNRF3 enhances Wnt/beta-catenin signalling and disrupts Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling in vivo. Notably, R-spondin mimics ZNRF3 inhibition by increasing the membrane level of Wnt receptors. Mechanistically, R-spondin interacts with the extracellular domain of ZNRF3 and induces the association between ZNRF3 and LGR4, which results in membrane clearance of ZNRF3. These data suggest that R-spondin enhances Wnt signalling by inhibiting ZNRF3. Our study provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of Wnt receptor turnover, and reveals ZNRF3 as a tractable target for therapeutic exploration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hao, Huai-Xiang -- Xie, Yang -- Zhang, Yue -- Charlat, Olga -- Oster, Emma -- Avello, Monika -- Lei, Hong -- Mickanin, Craig -- Liu, Dong -- Ruffner, Heinz -- Mao, Xiaohong -- Ma, Qicheng -- Zamponi, Raffaella -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Finan, Peter M -- Kirschner, Marc W -- Porter, Jeffery A -- Serluca, Fabrizio C -- Cong, Feng -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 29;485(7397):195-200. doi: 10.1038/nature11019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22575959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Polarity/physiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Wnt/*metabolism ; Thrombospondins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/*deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Xenopus ; Zebrafish ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: Mammalian mitochondria contain about 1100 proteins, nearly 300 of which are uncharacterized. Given the well-established role of mitochondrial defects in human disease, functional characterization of these proteins may shed new light on disease mechanisms. Starting with yeast as a model system, we investigated an uncharacterized but highly conserved mitochondrial protein (named here Sdh5). Both yeast and human Sdh5 interact with the catalytic subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, a component of both the electron transport chain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Sdh5 is required for SDH-dependent respiration and for Sdh1 flavination (incorporation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor). Germline loss-of-function mutations in the human SDH5 gene, located on chromosome 11q13.1, segregate with disease in a family with hereditary paraganglioma, a neuroendocrine tumor previously linked to mutations in genes encoding SDH subunits. Thus, a mitochondrial proteomics analysis in yeast has led to the discovery of a human tumor susceptibility gene.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3881419/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3881419/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hao, Huai-Xiang -- Khalimonchuk, Oleh -- Schraders, Margit -- Dephoure, Noah -- Bayley, Jean-Pierre -- Kunst, Henricus -- Devilee, Peter -- Cremers, Cor W R J -- Schiffman, Joshua D -- Bentz, Brandon G -- Gygi, Steven P -- Winge, Dennis R -- Kremer, Hannie -- Rutter, Jared -- DK071962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM087346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES003817/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1139-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1175689. Epub 2009 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Flavoproteins/metabolism ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Male ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygen Consumption ; Paraganglioma/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Protein Subunits/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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