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  • 1
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    A global low order spectral model designed for climate sensitivity studies (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two level, global, spectral model using pressure as a vertical coordinate is developed. The system of equations describing the model is nonlinear and quasi-geostrophic. A moisture budget is calculated in the lower layer only with moist convective adjustment between the two layers. The mechanical forcing of topography is introduced as a lower boundary vertical velocity. Solar forcing is specified assuming a daily mean zenith angle. On land and sea ice surfaces a steady state thermal energy equation is solved to calculate the surface temperature. Over the oceans the sea surface temperatures are prescribed from the climatological average of January. The model is integrated to simulate the January climate.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-175999 , NAS 1.26:175999 , ASP-378 , (ISSN 0067-0340)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Atmospheric planetary wave response to external forcing (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The tools of observational analysis, complex general circulation modeling, and simpler modeling approaches were combined in order to attack problems on the largest spatial scales of the earth's atmosphere. Two different models were developed and applied. The first is a two level, global spectral model which was designed primarily to test the effects of north-south sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) gradients between the equatorial and midlatitude north Pacific. The model is nonlinear, contains both radiation and a moisture budget with associated precipitation and surface evaporation, and utilizes a linear balance dynamical framework. Supporting observational analysis of atmospheric planetary waves is briefly summarized. More extensive general circulation models have also been used to consider the problem of the atmosphere's response, especially in the horizontal propagation of planetary scale waves, to SSTA.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-176000 , NAS 1.26:176000
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  • 3
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    On the vertical structure of damped steady circulation in the tropics (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper presents an analysis of the vertical structure of steady motion in a dissipative tropical atmosphere forced by steady isolated diabatic heating. Vertical modes appropriate to the problem are obtained, and the forcing is projected onto these modes. With the use of an analytic expression obtained by Gill (1980) for the horizontal structure, these modes are summed to obtain the amplitude and the vertical structure of the response in the region to the east of the heating.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Royal Meteorological Society; vol. 108
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Temporal variations of the tropical 40-50 day oscillation (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in a quasi-periodic tropical oscillation of zonal winds, which was first reported by Madden and Julian. An attempt to determine the temporal variation of the oscillation parameters is presented here. Using a 4-year duration global time series and a 25-year station time series, it is found that although the nonseasonal variations are large, any seasonal cycle in the oscillation amplitude and frequency must be very small. The small seasonal signal in the oscillation frequency seems to argue against explanations for the time scale based on Doppler-shifted traveling waves.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 112; 2431-243
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Short-term climatic fluctuations forced by thermal anomalies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two-level, global, spectral model has been used to study the effects of thermal anomalies on short-time climatic fluctuations. It is found that the coupled sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) pattern in the Pacific Ocean is capable of producing the anomaly geopotential heights given by Horel and Wallace (1981). Although the El Nino surface temperature pattern produces a significant geopotential height anomaly in extratropical latitudes, the signal is weaker than the coupled SSTAs case. The variance of temperature resulting from stationary and transient eddies acts differently for the two anomaly patterns. In coupled SSTA, quasi-permanent responses of the atmosphere, such as blocking, are typical, while in the single SSTA (tropical Pacific), an increase in the transient activity is observed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Short-term climatic fluctuations forced by thermal anomalies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two level, global, spectral model using pressure as a vertical coordinate was developed. The system of equations describing the model is nonlinear and quasi-geostrophic (linear balance). Static stability is variable in the model. A moisture budget is calculated in the lower layer only. Convective adjustment is used to avoid supercritical temperature lapse rates. The mechanical forcing of topography is introduced as a vertical velocity at the lower boundary. Solar forcing is specified assuming a daily mean zenith angle. The differential diabatic heating between land and sea is parameterized. On land and sea ice surfaces, a steady state thermal energy equation is solved to calculate the surface temperature. On the oceans, the sea surface temperature is specified as the climatological average for January. The model is used to simulate the January, February and March circulations. Previously announced in STAR as N83-14822
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 7
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    Short-term climatic fluctuations forced by thermal anomalies (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two level, global, spectral model using pressure as a vertical coordinate was developed. The system of equations describing the model is nonlinear and quasi-geostrophic (linear balance). Static stability is variable in the model. A moisture budget is calculated in the lower layer only. Convective adjustment is used to avoid supercritical temperature lapse rates. The mechanical forcing of topography is introduced as a vertical velocity at the lower boundary. Solar forcing is specified assuming a daily mean zenith angle. The differential diabatic heating between land and sea is parameterized. On land and sea ice surfaces, a steady state thermal energy equation is solved to calculate the surface temperature. On the oceans, the sea surface temperature is specified as the climatological average for January. The model is used to simulate the January, February and March circulations. Previously announced in STAR as N83-14822
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 41; 122-141
    Format: text
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