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  • 1
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    Effect of subjectively enhancing the initial vorticity field in a short-range numerical forecast (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper tests a simple method to incorporate subsynoptic-scale information into the initial conditions of a forecast model. The amplitude, orientation and vertical structure of the vorticity field associated with the subsynoptic-scale disturbance are estimated subjectively; this is done using a combination of climatological and physical models together with all available data. The initial values of geopotential are then obtained in the vicinity of the subsynoptic-scale disturbance, as over the rest of the domain, through the balance equation. Two sets of initial conditions are tested in 12-hr forecasts using a six-layer version of a primitive equation forecast model (Anthes and Warner, 1978). The analysis schemes consisted of (1) a careful subjective analysis of radiosonde data with a high-resolution objective interpolation, and (2) the same preceding analysis but including data derived from the enhanced vorticity fields in the vicinity of the subsynoptic-scale disturbance. The results are discussed in some detail.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 18; Sept
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The reaction probability of N2O5 with sulfuric acid aerosols at stratospheric temperatures and compositions (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We have measured the rate of reaction of N2O5 with H2O on monodisperse, submicrometer H2SO4 particles in a low-temperature flow reactor. Measurements were carried out at temperatures between 225 K and 293 K on aerosol particles with sizes and compositions comparable to those found in the stratosphere. At 273 K, the reaction probability was found to be 0.103 +/- 0.0006, independent of H2SO4 composition from 64 to 81 wt%. At 230 K, the reaction probability increased from 0.077 for compositions near 60% H2SO4 to 0.146 for compositions near 70% H2SO4. Intermediate conditions gave intermediate results except for low reaction probabilities of about 0.045 at 260 K on aerosols with about 78% H2SO4. The reaction probability did not depend on particle size. These results imply that the reaction occurs essentially at the surface of the particle. A simple model for this type of reaction that reproduces the general trends observed is presented. the presence of formaldehyde did not affect the reaction rate.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; D2; p. 3517-3532
    Format: text
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