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  • 1
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    Identification of vortex-induced clear air turbulence using airline flight records (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 22; 124-129
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Analysis of severe atmospheric disturbances from airline flight records (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Advanced methods were developed to determine time varying winds and turbulence from digital flight data recorders carried aboard modern airliners. Analysis of several cases involving severe clear air turbulence encounters at cruise altitudes has shown that the aircraft encountered vortex arrays generated by destabilized wind shear layers above mountains or thunderstorms. A model was developed to identify the strength, size, and spacing of vortex arrays. This model is used to study the effects of severe wind hazards on operational safety for different types of aircraft. It is demonstrated that small remotely piloted vehicles and executive aircraft exhibit more violent behavior than do large airliners during encounters with high-altitude vortices. Analysis of digital flight data from the accident at Dallas/Ft. Worth in 1985 indicates that the aircraft encountered a microburst with rapidly changing winds embedded in a strong outflow near the ground. A multiple-vortex-ring model was developed to represent the microburst wind pattern. This model can be used in flight simulators to better understand the control problems in severe microburst encounters.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AGARD, Flight in Adverse Environmental Conditions; 7 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Severe winds in the Dallas/Ft. Worth microburst measured from two aircraft (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 26; 221-224
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    An extreme clear air turbulence incidence associated with a strong downslope windstorm (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The meteorological conditions present during an occurrence of clear-air turbulence (CAT) associated with the presence of a mountain wave are documented. The incident caused severe vertical accelerations of two passenger aircraft travelling at 33,000 ft altitude. Satellite, pilot report and surface and upper air meteorological data were examined to characterize the situation. The CAT was apparently produced by an unusually strong westerly flow over the Rocky Mountains, causing a lee wave over the foothill regions where the turbulence was experienced. A downslope windstorm formed at the same time as wave activity on three scales: 60 nm, 17 nm and 1 nm in the troposphere. The data suggest that surface observations of severe windstorms in the mountain foothill regions could be used to predict the presence of CAT conditions, especially if combined with available data on lee waves.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0329
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Identification of vortex-induced clear-air turbulence using airline flight records (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The nature and cause of clear-air turbulence is being investigated, in cooperation with the National Transportation Safety Board, using the flight records available from airline encounters with severe turbulence. This paper presents two case studies of severe turbulence which indicate that the airplanes involved encountered vortex arrays which were generated by destabilized wind-shear layers near the tropopause. In order to identify and analyze vortex patterns (i.e., vortex strength, size, and spacings), potential-flow models of vortex arrays were developed that describe reasonably well the wind patterns derived from the airliner flight records. The results of this analysis indicate that in the two cases studied, the vortex cores had diameters in the range of 900 to 1,200 ft with tangential velocities in the range of 70 to 85 ft/sec. This study presents the first identification and analysis of vortex arrays from airline flight data. The results are compared with theoretical predictions and previous observations.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0270
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Severe winds in the DFW microburst measured from two aircraft (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Advanced analytical methods are applied to the digital flight data and Air Traffic Control radar records from two airliners, Delta flight 191 and American flight 539, that penetrated a microburst at the Dallas/Ft. Worth airport on August 2, 1985. The results for Delta 191 (which crashed) show that the aircraft encountered a strong downburst followed by a strong outflow accompanied by large and rapid changes in the vertical wind. The rapid changes in the vertical wind detected near the ground are attributed to vortex-induced turbulence. The next following aircraft, American 539, made a go-around 110 sec after Delta 191 and traversed the microburst at an altitude of about 2500 ft above the ground. The measured winds during this go-around indicate a broad pattern of downflow in the microburst, with regions of upflow at the extreme edges. The combined results indicate a microburst that was increasing in size with vortex-induced turbulence embedded in a strong outflow near the ground. These wind measurements provide a realistic description of the microburst wind environment that can be used in simulator studies and pilot training, and provide a standard of comparison for ongoing experiments and modeling of microbursts involving vortex rings.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 87-2340
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The use of DFDR information in the analysis of a turbulence incident over Greenland (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Digital flight data recorder (DFDR) tapes from commercial aircraft can provide useful information about the mesoscale environment of severe turbulence incidents. Air motion computations from these data and their errors are briefly described. An example of mesoscale meteorological information available from DFDR tapes is presented for a case of turbulence in mountain waves over the Greenland icecap.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 117; 1103-110
    Format: text
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