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  • 1
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    Develop a plan for establishing global aerosol backscatter coefficient data base (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: A potential improvement on measuring atmospheric winds by using a coherent Doppler system has led to a need for detailed knowledge concerning the aerosol backscattering characteristics, especially at CO2 wavelengths. In order to meet this requirement, a plan of study has been developed to establish a global data base of atmospheric aerosol backscattering coefficients.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Proceedings of the NASA Symposium on Global Wind Measurements; p 243-246
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Mesoscale spiral vortex embedded within a Lake Michigan snow squall band - High resolution satellite observations and numerical model simulations (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is known that Great Lakes snow squall convection occurs in a variety of different modes depending on various factors such as air-water temperature contrast, boundary-layer wind shear, and geostrophic wind direction. An exceptional and often neglected source of data for mesoscale cloud studies is the ultrahigh resolution multispectral data produced by Landsat satellites. On October 19, 1972, a clearly defined spiral vortex was noted in a Landsat-1 image near the southern end of Lake Michigan during an exceptionally early cold air outbreak over a still very warm lake. In a numerical simulation using a three-dimensional Eulerian hydrostatic primitive equation mesoscale model with an initially uniform wind field, a definite analog to the observed vortex was generated. This suggests that intense surface heating can be a principal cause in the development of a low-level mesoscale vortex.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 116; 1374-138
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Status of the Dobson total ozone data set (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During deliberations of the International Ozone Trends Panel (IOTP) it became obvious that satellite determinations of global ozone amounts by themselves could not provide the necessary confidence in the measured trends. During the time of the deliberations of the IOTP, Bojkov re-examined the records of serveral North American Dobson stations and Degorska re-examined the records of the Belsk station. They were able to improve the quality of the data sets, thus improving the precision of their total ozone data sets. These improvements showed the greater potential of the world-wide Dobson total ozone data set in two primary areas. Firstly, the improvements showed that the existing data set when evaluated will become more valuable for comparisons with satellite determinations of total ozone. Secondly, the Dobson data set covers a greater period of time than the satellite data sets thus offering the possibility of extending improved information on ozone trends further back in time. An International Dobson Workshop was convened in September, 1991, under the auspices of the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program. It was part of the Information Management element of the C&GC Program. Further, it was considered as a 'data archaeology' project under the above. Clearly if the existing Dobson data set can be improved by re-evaluating all data records, we will be able to uncover the 'true' or 'best' data and fulfill the role of archaeologists.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 263-265
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Total ozone trends over the USA during 1979-1991 from Dobson spectrophotometer observations (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Ozone trends for 1979-1991, determined from Dobson spectrophotometer observations made at eight stations in the United States, are augmented with trend data from four foreign cooperative stations operated by NOAA/CMDL. Results are based on provisional data archived routinely throughout the years at the World Ozone Data Center in Toronto, Canada, with calibration corrections applied to some of the data. Trends through 1990 exhibit values of minus 0.3 percent to minus 0.5 percent yr(exp -1) at mid-to-high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. With the addition of 1991 data, however, the trends become less negative, indicating that ozone increased in many parts of the world during 1991. Stations located within the plus or minus 20 deg N-S latitude band exhibit no ozone trends. Early 1992 data show decreased ozone values at some of the stations. At South Pole, Antarctica, October ozone values have remained low during the past 3 years.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 195-198
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  • 5
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    Annual variability of ozone along alpine hillsides (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Over a period of more than two years (March 1989 till June 1991) ozone and nitrogen dioxide have been monitored along twelve alpine hillsides in the Austrian alps. The profiles had a height-resolution of 100 m and cover a range between 400 m and 1800 m asl, that is 100 m to 1100 m above the bottom of the valleys. They were situated in remote rural areas as well as in the vicinity of polluted urban and industrial areas. Both trace gases were monitored by means of integral chemical (SAM-surface active monitor) methods with a measuring cycle of two weeks. The concentration of ozone exhibits a substantial annual variation over the entire height range. In summer, highest ozone levels are observed near the ground and at the top of the mountains, whereas in winter the maxima are found mainly in the crest regions. The overall ozone burden shows a relative maximum near the temperature inversion layer in the valleys and an absolute maximum at the crest.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 41-44
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  • 6
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    Low level remote sensing: Orographic winds (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The orographic flow data set was obtained from a flight program to measure the influence of orographic features on turbulence momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes. The NASA B-57 aircraft instrumented with probes for measuring the three fluctuating wind speed components, temperature, and humidity was the primary measuring vehicle. Ancillary measurements were made with several ground-based sensors. These include the NOAA radar wind profilers, the Boulder wind network, the PROFS mesoscale surface network, the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory 300 m tower, special rawinsonde observations, and the NOAA/WPL Doppler lidar. The major objective of the flight program was to provide planetary boundary layer parameter information for new and current general circulation computer models. A numerical code, WINDER, based on a discrete element technique was run to numerically model the water tunnel simulated flow. Comparison of the analytical model with the experimental results is very good. Physical fluid dynamic principles embedded in the computational model and visual and hot wire anemometer measurements from the simulation are being rationalized to develop a physical understanding of the vortex flow. The results will be interpreted as they pertain to full scale atmospheric flows.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA(MSFC FY88 Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Research Program Review; p 27-28
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Turbulence models (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The subject of modeling turbulence for use with the JAWS wind shear data sets is addressed. The present FAA AC 120-41 wind shear models are quasisteady wind models. FAA recommends superimposing upon these winds a Dryden spectrum model of turbulence. For the JAWS data, it must be decided whether this approach is adequate or whether turbulence must be analyzed and modeled differently. This question is discussed in detail.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Shear(Turbulence Inputs to Flight Simulation and Systems Certification; p 125-151
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  • 8
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    Remote versus in situ turbulence measurements (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Comparisons of in situ wind and turbulence measurements made with the NASA B-57 instrumented aircraft and those remotely made with both radar and lidar systems are presented. Turbulence measurements with a lidar or radar system as compared with those from an aircraft are the principal themes. However, some discussion of mean wind speed and direction measurements is presented. First, the principle of measuring turbulence with Doppler lidar and radar is briefly and conceptually described. The comparisons with aircraft measurements are then discussed. Two studies in particular are addressed: one uses the JAWS Doppler radar data and the other uses data gathered both with the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and the the NOAA Wave Propagation Lab. gound based lidars. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are made.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Turbulence Relative to Aviation, Missile and Space Programs; p 53-71
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  • 9
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    Guide to measurement of winds with instrumented aircraft (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Aircraft measurement techniques are reviewed. Review of past and present applications of instrument aircraft to atmospheric observations is presented. Questions to be answered relative to measuring mean wind profiles as contrasted to turbulence measurements are then addressed. Requirements of instrumentation and accuracy, data reduction, data acquisition, and theoretical and certainty analysis are considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-188601 , NAS 1.26:188601
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  • 10
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    Final results of an experiment in operational forecasting of sea breeze thunderstorms using a mesoscale numerical model (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Sea breeze thunderstorms during quiescent synoptic conductions account for 40 percent of Florida rainfall, and are the dominant feature of April-October weather at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). An effort is presently made to assess the feasibility of a mesoscale numerical model in improving the point-specific thunderstorm forecasting accuracy at the KSC, in the 2-12 hour time frame. Attention is given to the Applied Regional Atmospheric Modeling System.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: Symposium on Weather Forecasting, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 5-10, 1992, Preprints (A93-39751 15-47); p. 181-188.
    Format: text
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