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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Crew information processing and decision making in a supervisory control task which is loosely based on the mission of future generation helicopters is measured and represented. Subjects control the motion and activities of their own vehicle and direct the activities of four additional craft. The task involves searching an uncertain environment for cargo and enemies, returning cargo to home base and destroying enemies while attempting to avoid destruction of the scout and the supervised vehicles. A series of experiments with two-person crews and one-person crews were performed. Resulting crew performance was modeled with the objective of describing and understanding the information processing strategies utilized. Of particular interest are problem simplification strategies under time stress and high work load, simplification and compensation in the one-person cases, crew coordination in the two-person cases, and the relationship between strategy and errors in all cases. The results should provide some insight into the effective use of aids, particularly aids based on artificial intelligence, for similar tasks. The simulation is described which is used for the study and some preliminary results from the first two-person crew study are discussed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center, 21st Annual Conference on Manual Control; 1 p
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The influence of stimulus modality and task difficulty on workload and performance was investigated. The goal was to quantify the cost (in terms of response time and experienced workload) incurred when essentially serial task components shared common elements (e.g., the response to one initiated the other) which could be accomplished in parallel. The experimental tasks were based on the Fittsberg paradigm; the solution to a SternBERG-type memory task determines which of two identical FITTS targets are acquired. Previous research suggested that such functionally integrated dual tasks are performed with substantially less workload and faster response times than would be predicted by suming single-task components when both are presented in the same stimulus modality (visual). The physical integration of task elements was varied (although their functional relationship remained the same) to determine whether dual-task facilitation would persist if task components were presented in different sensory modalities. Again, it was found that the cost of performing the two-stage task was considerably less than the sum of component single-task levels when both were presented visually. Less facilitation was found when task elements were presented in different sensory modalities. These results suggest the importance of distinguishing between concurrent tasks that complete for limited resources from those that beneficially share common resources when selecting the stimulus modalities for information displays.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: 21st Annual Conference on Manual Contol; 15 p
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: The impact of various flight-related tasks on the workload imposed by the requirement to compute new headings, course changes, and reciprocal headings was investigated. Eight pilots were presented with a series of heading-change tasks in a laboratory setting. Two levels of difficulty of each of three tasks were presented verbally and spatially. Performance was measured by evaluating the speed and accuracy of the responses. The subjective responses and objective measures of performance reflected a strong association between subjective experience and objective behavior. The reciprocal calculations were performed quickly and accurately throughout and were considered to be minimally loading. Subjective workload, percent correct and response times for the two course-change tasks varied significantly as a function of level of difficulty and display format, with no discernable speed/accuracy trade off.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: 20th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control, Vol. 2; p 85-96
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The situation in which an operator is faced with a continuous control task plus one or more discrete information processing tasks is discussed. A modelling approach which has the capability of realistically representing both types of tasks and the resulting interactions is sought. The modelling approach utilizes discrete network models for the cognitive tasks and elements of an open-loop - closed-loop control representation for the continuous task. the approach is demonstrated through its application to a simulated Digital Avionics Information System in which subjects were required to perform retrieval and processing tasks as well as flight control. This model differs from conventional model in that system status sampling is not necessarily continuous or periodic. Rather, the pilot is assumed to read system status displays only as time permits and operate in a so-called open-loop preprogrammed fashion between sampling.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center 16th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 448-463
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: High temperature properties of cesium - density and vapor pressure of liquid cesium, and saturation and superheat properties of cesium vapor
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-68381 , NRL-6246 , AD-622227
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The velocity and temperature distribution in an unsteady thermal boundary layer is analyzed by an approximate integral method. The case of a flat plate in a free stream having small harmonic velocity oscillations about a steady mean value is treated in detail. The resulting velocity profiles agree with the available experimental data. These profiles are used to predict the thermal convection when the plate and the stream are at constant but different temperature levels. The flow oscillations cause harmonic temperature oscillations plus a small steady feedback effect which reduces the mean heat transfer to the plate. The amount of decrease is represented by a single coefficient, which is presented graphically.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7054 , E-6876
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The step input and sinusoidal response characteristics of a pneumatically driven computer controlled G set are examined in this study. The response data show that this system can be modeled as a first order system with an 0.08 sec time lag and a 0.53 sec time constant.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-TM-78478 , A-7393
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Transient heat conduction in finite slabs with position dependent heat generation
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-1442
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An equation of state and expressions for the isothermal compressibility, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity, and entropy of liquids have been derived from the free volume model partition function suggested by Turnbull. The simple definition of the free volume is used, and it is assumed that the specific volume is directly related to the cube of the intermolecular separation by a proportionality factor which is found to be a function of temperature and pressure as well as specific volume. When values of the proportionality factor are calculated from experimental data for real liquids, it is found to be approximately constant over ranges of temperature and pressure which correspond to the dense liquid phase. This result provides a single-parameter method for calculating dense liquid thermodynamic properties and is consistent with the fact that the free volume model is designed to describe liquids near the solidification point.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Metallurgical Transactions; 5; Mar. 197
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of pictorially displayed information on human learning and performance of a simple control task were investigated. The controlled system was a harmonic oscillator and the system response was displayed to subjects as either an animated pendulum or a horizontally moving dot. Results indicated that the pendulum display did not effect performance scores but did significantly effect the learning processes of individual operators. The subjects with the pendulum display demonstrated more vertical internal models early in the experiment and the manner in which their internal models were tuned with practice showed increased variability between subjects.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center 20th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control, Vol. 1; p 643-662
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