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  • Other Sources  (13)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (13)
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  • Other Sources  (13)
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  • 1
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    Evaporation Rates for Liquid Water and Ice Under Current Martian Conditions (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: A number of studies have been concerned with the evaporation rates under martian conditions in order to place limits on the possible survival time of both liquid water and ice exposed on the surface of Mars. Such studies also aid in assessing the efficacy of an overlying layer of dust or loose regolith material in providing a barrier to free evaporation and thus prolong the lifetime of water in locations where its availability to putative living organisms would be significant. A better quantitative understanding of the effects of phase changes of water in the near surface environment would also aid the evaluation of the possible role of water in the formation of currently observed features, such as gullies in cliff walls and relatively short-term changes in the albedo of small surface areas ('dark stains'). Laboratory measurements aimed at refinement of our knowledge of these values are described here. The establishment of accurate values for evaporation rates and their dependence on the physical conditions of temperature, pressure and energy input, is an important benchmark for the further investigation of the efficacy of barriers to free evaporation in providing a prolonged period of survival of the water, particularly as a liquid.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars Polar Science and Exploration; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 2
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    Space Weathering: A Proposed Laboratory Approach to Explaining the Sulfur Depletion on Eros (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Space weathering is the cumulative effect of physical and chemical changes that occur to substances exposed on the exterior of body void of an atmosphere [1], in this case the regolith on asteroid Eros. It is only recently that the scientific community has accepted the theory first developed in the mid- 1970s by Hapke and his colleagues of how space weathering occurs. The theory [1] asserts that optical and magnetic effects, first studied on moon rocks and lunar regolith, are caused by submicroscopic metallic iron (SMFe), smaller than the wavelength of light in vapor deposit coatings, on regolith grains, and in agglutinates. This vapor is generated by solar wind and micrometeorite impacts and does not require additional heating, melting, or a reducing environment to produce space weathering. One of the major finds of the first detailed reconnaissance of an asteroid by the NEAR Shoemaker mission was that the surface of Eros was essentially chondritic yet showed major depletions in sulfur [2, 3]. Here we propose space weathering sputtering experiments that may contribute to the explanation of sulfur depletion on asteroid Eros.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 6; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-6
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  • 3
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    Evaporation Rates of Brine on Mars (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: While Mars is now largely a dry and barren place, recent data have indicated that water has flowed at specific locations within the last approx. 10(exp 6) y. This had led to a resurgence of interest in theoretical and experimental work aimed at understanding the behavior of water on Mars. There are several means whereby the stability of liquid water on Mars could be increased, one being the presence solutes that would depress the freezing point. Salt water on Earth is about 0.5M NaCl, but laboratory experiments suggest that martian salt water is quite different. We recently began a program of laboratory measurements of the stability of liquid water, ice and ice-dust mixtures under martian conditions and here report measurements of the evaporation rate of 0.25M brine.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars: Gullies, Fluids, and Rocks; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 4
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    Overview of a New NASA Activity Focused on Planetary Defense (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has initiated a new Planetary Defense research activity, led by the NASA Ames Research Center. The objective of the effort is to provide tools for reliably assessing the impact damage that Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) could inflict on the Earth. This research will support decisions regarding appropriate mitigation action in the event that an impact threat is discovered. The activity includes four interrelated tasks: PHA characterization, physics-based simulations of atmospheric entry breakup, simulations of surface damage due to airbursts, land impacts, or tsunamis, and an integrated assessment of the overall risks posed by potential PHA strikes. This paper outlines the objectives, research approaches, products, and interrelations of the activity's four tasks, and presents an overview of their current progress and preliminary results. Companion papers in this conference provide additional details of the work in the four task areas.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN22201-2 , IAA Planetary Defense Conference; Apr 13, 2015 - Apr 17, 2015; Frascati; Italy
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  • 5
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    Overview of a New NASA Activity Focused on Planetary Defense (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has initiated a new Planetary Defense research activity, led by the NASA Ames Research Center. The objective of the effort is to provide tools for reliably assessing the impact damage that Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) could inflict on the Earth. This research will support decisions regarding appropriate mitigation action in the event that an impact threat is discovered. The activity includes four interrelated tasks: PHA characterization, physics-based simulations of atmospheric entry/breakup, simulations of surface damage due to airbursts, land impacts, or tsunamis, and an integrated assessment of the overall risks posed by potential PHA strikes. This paper outlines the objectives, research approaches, products, and interrelations of the activitys four tasks, and presents an overview of their current progress and preliminary results. Companion papers in this conference provide additional details of the work in the four task areas.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN22201-1 , IAA Planetary Defense Conference; Apr 13, 2015 - Apr 17, 2015; Frascati, Roma; Italy
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  • 6
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    Near-Earth Asteroid Sample Return Missions (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The rate of discovery of new Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) and the success of D-S 1 and NEAR-Shoemaker, suggest that sample return from NEAs is now technically feasible. Here we present a summary of a recent workshop on the topic. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII; LPI-Contrib-1080
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  • 7
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    The Orbital Distribution of Meteorites Based on High Temperature Thermoluminescence (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Like 250 C Thermoluminescence (TL) data, 400 C TL levels of modern falls largely reflect solar heating, and thus perihelia. The 400 C data offers additional constraints on orbital information for ordinary chondrites. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII; LPI-Contrib-1080
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  • 8
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    The Interpretation of Natural Thermoluminescence Data for Meteorites: Theoretical Basis and Practical Application (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: Natural thermoluminescence (TL) of ordinary chondrites reflects their irradiation and thermal history. We discuss the quantitative aspects of TL interpretation, with an emphasis on the terrestrial history of Antarctic meteorites and the orbital history of modern falls.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
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  • 9
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    The Orbital Distribution of Meteorites Based on High Temperature Thermoluminescence (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: We use high temperature TL data to evaluate perihelia of Antarctic meteorites. Perihelion has been constant for the ordinary chondrites over the last 40,000-100,000 years. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII; LPI-Contrib-1080
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  • 10
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    Microgravity Testing of a Surface Sampling System for Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The return of samples from solar system bodies is becoming an essential element of solar system exploration. The recent National Research Council Solar System Exploration Decadal Survey identified six sample return missions as high priority missions: South-Aitken Basin Sample Return, Comet Surface Sample Return, Comet Surface Sample Return-sample from selected surface sites, Asteroid Lander/Rover/Sample Return, Comet Nucleus Sample Return-cold samples from depth, and Mars Sample Return [1] and the NASA Roadmap also includes sample return missions [2] . Sample collection methods that have been flown on robotic spacecraft to date return subgram quantities, but many scientific issues (like bulk composition, particle size distributions, petrology, chronology) require tens to hundreds of grams of sample. Many complex sample collection devices have been proposed, however, small robotic missions require simplicity. We present here the results of experiments done with a simple but innovative collection system for sample return from small solar system bodies.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Asteroids, Meteors, Comets; LPI-Contrib-1197
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