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  • SPACE RADIATION  (2)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration; Instrumentation and Photography; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (1)
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  • 1
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    Rocket-based measurement of particle fluxes and currents in an auroral arc. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The rocket with the experiment was fired from Fort Churchill, Canada, over a homogeneous arc at 2000 local time on Feb. 26, 1969. Detectors measured the pitch-angle distribution of the fluxes of electrons with energies in the range from 2 to 18 and energies above 50 keV, and of protons with energies in the range from 2 to 18 and in the range from 80 to 1000 keV. The total backscattered flux was about 20% of the downward flux in the same energy range. No protons in the range from 2 to 18 keV, or any higher energy particles, were found in significant quantities. It was found that the energetic auroral electrons carry a substantial part of the Birkeland current. The arc extended at least 1500 km in an east-west direction and was not associated with substorm activity.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 76; Nov. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The interaction between an impact-produced neutral gas cloud and the solar wind at the lunar surface (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: On Apr. 15, 1970, the Apollo 13 S-IVB stage impacted the nighttime lunar surface. Beginning 20 sec after impact, the Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment and the Solar Wind Spectrometer observed a large flux of positive ions (maximum flux of about 3 x 10 to the 8th ions/sq cm/sec/ster) and electrons. Two separate streams of ions were observed: a horizontal flux that appeared to be deflected solar wind ions and a smaller vertical flux of predominantly heavy ions (greater than 10 amu), which probably were material vaporized from the S-IVB stage. An examination of the data shows that collisions between neutral molecules and hot electrons (50 eV) were probably an important ionization mechanism in the impact-produced neutral gas cloud. These electrons, which were detected by the Solar Wind Spectrometer, are thought to have been energized in a shock front or some form of intense interaction region between the cloud and the solar wind. Thus strong ionization and acceleration are seen under conditions approaching a collisionless state.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; June 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission Six Years of Science and Exploration at the Moon (2015)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Since entering lunar orbit on June 23, 2009 the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has made comprehensive measurements of the Moon and its environment. The seven LRO instruments use a variety of primarily remote sensing techniques to obtain a unique set of observations. These measurements provide new information regarding the physical properties of the lunar surface, the lunar environment, and the location of volatiles and other resources. Scientific interpretation of these observations improves our understanding of the geologic history of the Moon, its current state, and what its history can tell us about the evolution of the Solar System. Scientific results from LRO observations overturned existing paradigms and deepened our appreciation of the complex nature of our nearest neighbor. This paper summarizes the capabilities, measurements, and some of the science and exploration results of the first six years of the LRO mission.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration; Instrumentation and Photography; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40053 , Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035) (e-ISSN 1090-2643); 273; 2-24
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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