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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintenance of zonation patterns in two species of flat periwinkle, Littorina obtusata and L. mariae (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 309 (1995), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: epiphytes ; behaviour ; rocky shore ; Littorina obtusata ; Littorina mariae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The zonation patterns of Littorina obtusata (L.) and Littorina mariae Sacchi et Rastelli were shown to be quite distinct on a sheltered rocky shore. L. obtusata was found at all the heights sampled; it reached peak numbers at mid shore on the alga Ascophyllum nodosum L. (Le Jol). There was no difference in the tidal height occupied by adults or juveniles; or in the mean size of L. obtusata along the vertical gradient of the shore. In contrast L. mariae occurred exclusively low on the shore, on Fucus serratus L. Translocation of the two species within their respective levels resulted in random movement after 4 days, although initial movements after 1 and 2 days were sometimes directional. Animals transplanted to the normal level of the other species showed directional movement towards their home zone; this was most pronounced after 4 days. There was no difference in the distance moved by the two species, although the distance moved did vary with tidal height, both species moving further at mid shore than low shore. Distances moved by littorinids at replicate areas in the low shore were similar but those at mid shore did vary. There was an interaction between the species and the different tidal heights which revealed that transplanted species moved further than translocated species at the same tidal level. However, this was only significant in the case of L. mariae. It is suggested that the close relationship between the winkles and their host algae may direct the homing behaviour of displaced individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014481
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation in a low shore Fucus serratus (Fucales, Phaeophyta) population and its epiphytic fauna (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 326-327 (1996), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: epiphytes ; niche partitioning ; rocky shore ; seaweed ; temporal and spatial variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal variation in a Fucus serratus assemblage was studied on the Isle of Man, UK over a 13-month period. Algal cover varied greatly, related to shedding reproductive fronds and winter storms. Peak reproduction was recorded in the autumn. There was little change in density of plants, the population was dominated by a bank of germlings (〈20 cm) and an adult mode between 50–70 cm. An indistinct third component of recruiting juveniles was present when gaps in the canopy formed. Seasonal variation in the algae was reflected in the population dynamics of the mobile epiphytes such as Littorina mariae and Lacuna pallidula, which exhibited annual life histories. Sessile species (such as bryozoans) utilized the algae year round, dominating the perennial stipes and lower fronds, which were not shed. Other species utilized the algae in a transient fashion: some feeding on the algae (e.g. Idotea), or other epiphytic animals (e.g. Nucella). Fucus serratus, therefore, provides a variety of spatially and temporally variable niches that explain the diversity of epiphytic animal species that exploit this alga.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047806
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Littorina mariae — a factor structuring low shore communities? (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 193 (1990), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Fucus serratus ; herbivory ; epiphytes ; community structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of littorinids in structuring communities is discussed. On hard substrates preferential grazing of the dominant algae often enables competitively inferior species to utilize the rock substrate. Investigations of these systems has led to the proposal of a number of factors that should be analyzed in order to assess the effect of herbivores on community structure. Some of these factors have been investigated for Littorina mariae Sacchi & Rastelli. L. mariae is a micro-epiphytic grazer browsing the surface covering of epiphytes off the alga Fucus serratus (L.). The relationship between the host alga, F. serratus, and L. mariae is far more intricate than that between winkles and hard substrates as the alga itself is a dynamic resource. L. mariae is spatially and temporally linked to F. serratus. L. mariae is found almost exclusively on the alga and is positively attracted by extracts of the alga. The life history of the winkle is closely synchronized with that of the alga (the winter decrease of L. mariae populations is associated with the seasonal die-back of the host alga). On analysis of the factors considered important to assess herbivory, and examples of the effects of other epiphytic herbivores on algal success, it is suggested that L. mariae could potentially play an important role in structuring the community of it's host fucoid and that this may influence larger scale community structure. Experimental manipulations are proposed to evaluate these hypotheses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028072
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between flat periwinkle life histories and digenean infections (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 193 (1990), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Littorina obtusata ; Littorina mariae ; parasite ; trematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larval digenean parasites were studied in Littorina obtusata (L.) and L. mariae Sacchi & Rastelli at Sawdern Point in West Wales. Shell parameters, ovipositor and shell colour, penis morphology and sex ratios were scored, and the influence of parasitism studied. A total of 7 species of parasites were found, although the prevalence was very low in L. mariae, especially in the females. The parasitic gigantism that has been described in other species of gastropod was not found in this study. Parasitic castration does occur in some infected male L. obtusata, resulting in severe stunting of the penis. However, this phenomena was never observed in L. mariae. The winkle species are congeneric and inhabit broadly similar niches on the shore; their life histories are however quite different — one being annual and the other perennial. This probably affects exposure to infection, and might explain the differing prevalence of the parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028075
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