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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative microanatomy of the branchial sieve in three sympatric cyprinid species, related to filter-feeding mechanisms (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 219 (1994), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: According to the reducible-channel model of filter-feeding (Hoogenboezem et al., '91), small food particles are retained in the channels between the medial gill rakers, while the mesh size can be reduced by lowering the lateral gill rakers into these channels. This movement requires that all lateral gill rakers have a m. abductor branchiospinalis (MAB). MAB runs from the radii branchiales to the raker feet. It is present on the lateral side of all four gill arches of the cyprinids Abramis brama and Cyprinus carpio but only on the first arch of Blicca bjoerkna, Rutilus rutilus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aspius aspius, and Scardinius erythrophthalmus. Therefore, the latter species do not fulfill the structural requirement for the reducible-channel model, whereas A. brama and C. carpio do. Laboratory and field data confirm that A. brama and C. carpio can reduce their mesh size according to this model and are the better filter-feeders. The seven cyprinid species studied show the same principal microanatomy of their branchial sieve. M. abductor filamenti is a sheet of muscle fibers between the lateral radii branchiales and the ceratobranchial bone. M. branchialis superficialis is a specialized region of the subepithelial muscle fiber network, with origins along both sides of the ceratobranchial bone. The lateral gill rakers of the first gill arch differ conspicuously from all other rakers. They are longer and flattened, and they are tilted anteriorly. They probably form a sieve across the wide slit between the first gill arch and the operculum. The most revealing anatomical feature is the presence of MABs on gill arches 1-4. It might be a suitable bio-assay for identifying the better facultative filter-feeders among cyprinids. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052190109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient selection of phleomycin-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 667-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Dominant maker ; Phleomycin ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Transformation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The recently dsecribed dominant yeast marker Tn5ble confers phleomycin resistance on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Gatignol, Baron and Tiraby, 1987. Mol. Gen. Genet. 207, 342-348). Incubation in non-selective medium prior to selection is critical, however, for getting phleomycin-resistant transformants. A 6-h incubation period was found to give optimal transformation frequencies, up to 105 transformants/μg plasmid, comparable to selection for uracil prototrophy (Ura+).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080810
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient mRNA responses in chemostat cultures as a method of defining putative regulatory elements: Application to genes involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetyl-coenzyme A metabolism (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 14 (1998), S. 1089-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chemostat cultivation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; carbon source ; transcriptional regulation ; UAS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To identify common regulatory sequences in the promoters of genes, transcription of 31 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analysed during the transient response to a glucose pulse in a chemostat culture. mRNA levels were monitored during the subsequent excess glucose, ethanol and acetate phases, while other conditions were kept constant. This setup allowed a direct comparison between regulation by glucose, ethanol and acetate.Genes with identical regulation patterns were grouped to identify regulatory elements in the promoters. In respect to regulation on glucose four classes were identified: no transcription under any of the conditions tested, no difference in regulation on glucose, induced on glucose and repressed on glucose. In addition, genes were found that were repressed or induced on ethanol or acetate. Sequence alignment of genes with similar regulation patterns revealed five new, putative regulatory promoter elements. (i) The glucose-inducible fermentation genes PDC1 and ADH1 share the sequence ATACCTTCSTT. (ii) Acetate-repression might be mediated by the decamer CCCGAG RGGA, present in the promoters of ACS2 and ACR1. (iii) A specific element (CCWTTSRNCCG) for the glyoxylate cycle was present in seven genes studied: CIT2, ICL1, MLS1, MDH2, CAT2, ACR1 and ACH1. These genes were derepressed on ethanol or acetate. (iv) The sequence ACGTSCRGAATGA was found in the promoters of the partially ethanol-repressed genes ACS1 and YAT1. (v) Ethanol induction, as seen for ACS2, ADH3 and MDH1, might be mediated via the sequence CGGSGCCGRAG. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression Cassettes for Formaldehyde and Fluoroacetate Resistance, Two Dominant Markers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast genetics ; dominant markers ; formaldehyde ; fluoroacetate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We employed two genes in constructing yeast expression cassettes for dominant, selectable markers. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SFA1, encoding formaldehyde dehydrogenase, was placed under the control of the GPD1 promoter and CYC1 terminator. The Moraxella sp. strain B gene dehH1, encoding fluoroacetate dehalogenase, was placed under the control of both the GPD1 and CYC1 promoters. With these constructs it was possible to select directly for yeast strains resistant to either formaldehyde or fluoroacetate. Both selective agents are completely metabolized and inexpensive, making them very useful in the pursuit of yeast gene functions and for industrial applications. An additional advantage of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase marker is that it is an S. cerevisiae gene, thus allowing ‘all yeast’ constructs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of the open reading frame of the FL01 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: FLO1 ; flocculation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cloned part of the flocculation gene FLO1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Teunissen, A.W.R.H., van den Berg, J.A. and Steensma, H.Y. (1993). Physical localization of the flocculation gene FLO1 on chromosome I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yeast, in press) has been sequenced. The sequence contains a large open reading frame of 2685 bp. The amino acid sequence of the putative protein reveals a serine- and threonine-rich C-terminus (46%), the presence of repeated sequences and a possible secretion signal at the N-terminus. Although the sequence is not complete (we assume the missing fragment consists of repeat units), these data strongly suggest that the protein is located in the cell wall, and thus may be directly involved in the flocculation process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320090413
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promoter analysis of the PDA1 gene encoding the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 10 (1994), S. 297-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; pyruvate dehydrogenase ; control of gene expression ; PDA1 ; GCN4 ; chromosome V ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The location and sequence of the PDA1 gene, encoding the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were determined. The PDA1 gene was located on a 6·2 kb fragment of chromosome V, approximately 18 kb centromere distal to RAD3. Consistent with this, the PDA1 gene was genetically mapped at 4 cM from RAD3. A part of the 6·2 kb fragment of chromosome V was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence contained the PDA1 open reading frame and the entire putative promoter. Computer analysis revealed a putative GCN4 binding motif in the PDA1 promoter. The presence of transcriptional elements was experimentally determined by deletion analysis. To this end, ExoIII deletions were constructed in the 5′ to 3′ direction of the PDA1 promoter and effects on transcription were determined by Northern analysis. Transcription was unaffected upon deletion to position - 190 relative to the ATG start codon. Deletions from position - 148 and beyond, however, reduced promoter activity at least 40-fold. Apparently the 42 bp between nucleotides - 190 and - 148 contain an element essential for transcription. Inactivation of the PDA1 promoter could not be attributed to deletions of a recognizable TATA element or any known yeast regulatory motifs. The possible role of the CCCTT sequence present in the 42 bp region and also in the promoters of the other genes encoding subunits of the PDH complex is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320100303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical localization of the flocculation gene FLO1 on chromosome I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Chromosome I ; Flocculation ; FLO1 ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The genetics of flocculation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are poorly understood despite the importance of this property for strains used in industry. To be able to study the regulation of flocculation in yeast, one of the genes involved, FLO1, has been partially cloned. The identity of the gene was confirmed by the non-flocculent phenotype of cells in which the C-terminal part of the gene had been replaced by the URA3 gene. Southern blots and genetic crosses showed that the URA3 gene had integrated at the expected position on chromosome I. A region of approximately 2 kb in the middle of the FLO1 gene was consistently deleted during propagation in Escherichia coli and could not be isolated. Plasmids containing the incomplete gene, however, were still able to cause weak flocculation in a nonflocculent strain. The 3′ end of the FLO1 gene was localized at approximately 24 kb from the right end of chromosome I, 20 kb centromere-proximal to PHO11. Most of the newly isolated chromosome I sequences also hybridized to chromosome VIII DNA, thus extending the homology between the right end of chromosome I and chromosome VIII to approximately 28 kb.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320090102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nucleotide sequence of a 2·1 kb fragment from chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies a tRNAGly gene, part of a delta element and a palindromic sequence (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1107-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VI ; tRNAGly ; delta element ; diacylglycerol kinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence was determined of a 2·1 kb DNA fragment located at approximately 35 kb to the right of the centromere of chromosome VI from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis revealed the presence of a tRNAGLy gene, part of a delta element and a remarkable palindromic sequence. The longest open reading frame found encodes a putative protein of 195 amino acids. Although the fragment was isolated by hybridization to a human diacylglycerol kinase cDNA, no evidence was obtained for the presence of a gene encoding diacylglycerol kinase.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320091011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional regulation of flocculation genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; flocculation ; FLO1 ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Northern analysis showed that DNA from the flocculation gene FLO1 hybridized to mRNA molecules of 4·8 kb. This transcript was specific for the FLO1 gene at the right end of chromosome I since disruption of this gene resulted in the disappearance of the transcript. We further found an absolute correlation between flocculation and the presence of transcripts hybridizing to FLO1 DNA, both in various flocculent and non-flocculent strains and in cells from the non-flocculating and flocculating stages of growth. In all cases transcripts were present in flocculating and absent from non-flocculating cultures. From these results we conclude that the FLO1 gene is transcriptionally regulated.Mutations in TUP1 or SSN6 cause flocculation. Several transcripts hybridizing to FLO1 DNA were present in the mutants but not in the corresponding wild-type strains. Disruption of the FLO1 gene in the tup1 and ssn6 strains showed that one of the transcripts corresponded to the FLO1 gene. Disruption of FLO1 did not abolish flocculation completely but only reduced it, indicating that at least two flocculation genes, including FLO1, are activated or derepressed by mutations in the TUP1/SSN6 regulatory cascade.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the dominant flocculation genes FLO5 and FLO8 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 735-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; FLO1 ; FLO5 ; FLO8 ; genetic map ; physical map ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae three dominant flocculation genes, FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 have been described. Until now only the FLO1 gene, which is located at chromosome I, has been cloned and sequenced. FLO5 and FLO8 were previously localized at chromosomes I and VIII respectively (Vezinhet, F., Blondin, B. and Barre, P. (1991). Mapping of the FLO5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by transfer of a chromosome during cytoduction. Biotechnol. Lett. 13, 47-52; Yamashita, I. and Fukui, S. (1983). Mating signals control expression of both starch fermentation genes and a novel flocculation gene FLO8 in the yeast Saccharomyces. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47, 2889-2896). This was not in agreement with our results. Here, we report the location of FLO5 and FLO8 on chromosomes VIII and I respectively.By induced chromosome loss and genetic mapping, the FLO5 gene was localized at the right end of chromosome VIII approximately 34 cM centromere distal of PET3. This is part of the region that is present both at chromosome I and chromosome VIII. The location of FLO5 in this area of chromosome VIII made it necessary to re-evaluate the localization of FLO8, which was previously thought to occur in this region. Both genetic and physical mapping showed that FLO8 is allelic to FLO1. Hence, there are only two known dominant flocculation genes, FLO1 and FLO5.Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of chromosome VIII of a non-flocculent strain revealed an open reading frame encoding a putative protein that is approximately 96% identical to the Flo1 protein.This suggests that both dominant flocculation genes encode similar, cell wall-associated, proteins with the same function in the flocculation mechanism.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110805
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