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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of chronic carbamazepine treatment on haem biosynthesis in man and rat (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; porphyria ; epilepsy ; haem biosynthesis ; enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine has been reported to produce a condition clinically and biochemically similar to acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). We have determined the effect of chronic carbamazepine treatment on the activities of the enzymes of haem biosynthesis in circulating blood cells and on the urinary excretion of porphyrins and their precursors in 53 epileptic patients receiving monotherapy and in 42 age- and sex-matched controls. In the patients the mean activity of leucocyte 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, was 218% of control values (p〈0.001) and ALA-dehydratase activity was reduced by 37% (p〈0.001). Circulating carbamazepine concentrations correlated negatively with ALA dehydratase (r s=−0.45;p〈0.01). Porphobilinogen deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase appeared unaffected by carbamazepine treatment. Significant quantitative increases in the urinary excretion of porphobilinogen and total porphyrins (bothp〈0.05) accompanied the changes in enzyme activity. Similar dose-dependent effects on ALA synthase and ALA dehydratase were shown to occur in rats treated for 5 days with 3 different doses of carbamazepine. These findings further support the porphyrinogenicity of carbamazepine, but the pattern of enzyme alteration differs from that found in AIP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558260
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of industrial lead poisoning on cytochrome P450 mediated phenazone (antipyrine) hydroxylation (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phenazone ; lead ; haem biosynthesis ; cytochrome P450 ; saliva
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a group of ten male adults admitted to hospital with clinical symptoms of lead exposure, phenazone elimination rates, blood δ-amino-laevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) activity, blood lead levels and haemoglobin were measured. Investigations were carried out before, immediately after and again at least 12 weeks after cessation of CaEDTA (sodium calcium edetate) chelation therapy. Following chelation, phenazone elimination rates were increased as assessed by a decrease in half life and increase in clearance. This was significant, both immediately after and 12 weeks after cessation of chelation therapy. The change in rate of phenazone metabolism was associated with improved clinical status, with lowered blood lead levels and raised haemoglobin and ALA.D activity. The results of the study suggest that the depression in phenazone elimination in lead intoxication is possibly due to depressed hepatic cytochrome P450 levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609867
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Compartment syndrome of the thigh complicating surgical treatment of ipsilateral femur and ankle fractures (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A 26-year-old man presented with ipsilateral femur and ankle fractures. The patient was treated with interlocking nail of his femur fracture, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of his ankle fracture under tourniquet control. Postoperatively, the patient developed compartment syndrome of his thigh with elevated pressures, requiring decompressive fasciotomies. This case illustrates the possible complication of treating a femur fracture with intramedullary nailing and then immediately applying a tourniquet to treat an ipsilateral extremity fracture. Because of the complication with this patient, we feel the procedure should be staged, or a tourniquet should be avoided if possible.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of orthopaedic trauma (ISSN 0890-5339); Volume 1; 1; 71-3
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Inactivity amplifies the catabolic response of skeletal muscle to cortisol (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Severe injury or trauma is accompanied by both hypercortisolemia and prolonged inactivity or bed rest (BR). Trauma and BR alone each result in a loss of muscle nitrogen, albeit through different metabolic alterations. Although BR alone can result in a 2-3% loss of lean body mass, the effects of severe trauma can be 2- to 3-fold greater. We investigated the combined effects of hypercortisolemia and prolonged inactivity on muscle protein metabolism in healthy volunteers. Six males were studied before and after 14 days of strict BR using a model based on arteriovenous sampling and muscle biopsy. Fractional synthesis and breakdown rates of skeletal muscle protein were also directly calculated. Each assessment of protein metabolism was conducted during a 12-h infusion of hydrocortisone sodium succinate (120 microg/kg x h), resulting in blood cortisol concentrations that mimic severe injury (approximately 31 microg/dL). After 14 days of strict BR, hypercortisolemia increased phenylalanine efflux from muscle by 3-fold (P 〈 0.05). The augmented negative amino acid balance was the result of an increased muscle protein breakdown (P 〈 0.05) without a concomitant change in muscle protein synthesis. Muscle efflux of glutamine and alanine increased significantly after bed rest due to a significant increase in de novo synthesis (P 〈 0.05). Thus, inactivity sensitizes skeletal muscle to the catabolic effects of hypercortisolemia. Furthermore, these effects on healthy volunteers are analogous to those seen after severe injury.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (ISSN 0021-972X); 84; 10; 3515-21
    Format: text
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