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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: New laboratory observations of the VUV absorption cross-section of C2H2, obtained under physical conditions approximating stratospheres of the giant planets, were combined with IUE observations of the albedo of Saturn, for which improved data reduction techniques have been used, to produce new models for that atmosphere. When the effects of C2H2 absorption are accounted for, additional absorption by other molecules is required. The best-fitting model also includes absorption by PH3, H2O, C2H6 and CH4. A small residual disagreement near 1600 A suggests that an additional trace species may be required to complete the model.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, First International Conference on Laboratory Research for Planetary Atmospheres; p 142-146
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Absorption of a high energy photon (greater than 6 eV) by an isolated molecule results in the formation of highly excited quasi-discrete or continuum states which evolve through a wide range of direct and indirect photochemical processes. These are: photoionization and autoionization, photodissociation and predissociation, and fluorescence. The ultimate goal is to understand the dynamics of the excitation and decay processes and to quantitatively measure the absolute partial cross sections for all processes which occur in photoabsorption. Typical experimental techniques and the status of observational results of particular interest to solar system observations are presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, First International Conference on Laboratory Research for Planetary Atmospheres; p 93-113
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using synchrotron radiation as a continuum background, the cross sections of SO2 in the 208-228 and 299-340 nm region and of CS2 in the 318-350 nm region have been measured with a bandwidth of 0.06 nm. It has been confirmed that the reported band positions of SO2 in the 170-315 nm region by Warneck et al. (1964) should all be shifted by about 0.3 nm toward shorter wavelengths. An important application of the present results is found in the SO2 and CS2 mixing ratio calculations for Venus and Io.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; July 198
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Atomic carbon fluorescence, C I 1561, 1657, and 1931 A, has been observed from photodissociation of CO2, and the production cross sections have been measured. A line emission source provided the primary photons at wavelengths from threshold to 420 A. The present results suggest that the excited carbon atoms are produced by total dissociation of CO2 into three atoms. The cross sections for producing the O I 1304-A fluorescence through photodissociation of CO2 are found to be less than 0.01 Mb in the wavelength region from 420 to 835 A. The present data have implications with respect to photochemical processes in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Oct. 1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Electron plasma waves with amplitudes as high as 10 mV/m have been measured in the electron foreshock region of the earth's bow shock. It is shown that a population of stable suprathermal electrons of the type observed can produce the measured level of enhanced fluctuations without becoming unstable. The steady state wave level is given by the balancing between emission and absorption. The apparent association of fluctuation enhancements with sharp changes in electron fluxes can be understood in terms of modification of the electron distribution due to acceleration processes. The expected radiation (twice the electron plasma frequency) from the model is consistent with the observations.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Oct. 1
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A source mechanism for the Io-modulated component of the Jovian decametric radiation is proposed on the basis of the model where electrons in the Io flux tube (IFT) can be accelerated by Io's sheath. It is suggested that a significant fraction of the Io-sheath-accelerated electrons can have pitch angles greater than the atmospheric loss cone and therefore become trapped in the IFT. These electrons have flat helical orbits near their mirror points and can give rise to induced emission of extraordinary-mode radiation with frequencies close to the local electron gyrofrequency. The excitation mechanism is primarily due to the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the electrons via a relativistic gyroresonance which arises because of the momentum dependence of the gyrofrequency. Emphasis is put on the case of nearly perpendicular propagation because it is consistent with the observed source regions and beaming pattern of the decametric emissions. The energy requirement is satisfied within the context of the theory. It is also shown that emission occurs in regions close to the planet above the ionosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 213
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Laboratory gas-phase photoabsorption cross sections of the CO Cameron 0-0 band and the underlying pseudocontinuum have been measured at a temperature of 147 K and pressures of about 200 mbar, conditions similar to ambient in various planetary and satellite stratospheres in the solar system. A theoretical modeling program has also been used to calculate the band's spectrum. Agreement between the theoretical and the experimental spectra is very good. Models suggest that the observations of the CO Cameron band using the Hubble Space Telescope will be straightforward for Mars, but marginal for Titan.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; E3; p. 5491-5497.
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