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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (7)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: There are many excellent reasons to examine the surface composition of a wide range of Martian samples. The existing spectral data indicate that many dust and soil particles have a thin Fe(+3) layer with a typical particle size in the 10 micrometer to 400 micrometer range. In view of the high CO2 content of the atmosphere, one might expect that surface carbonates should be present. In addition to chemisorbed material there will probably exist physisorbed atmospheric components of the atmosphere including oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor. The latter could possibly give rise to some hydrated minerals. Using ultra-high-vacuum/mass spectrographic techniques it should be possible to detect physisorbed and moderately strong chemisorbed species on the particle surfaces with a temperature programmed degassing procedure. In some instances such an approach is capable of helping distinguish between volcanic and impact generated materials by detecting the presence of fumerolic gases. Such gases typically condense on the exterior of the ejected particles. Additionally surface atomic and chemical compositions should be examined by a combination of modern surface analytical techniques. The combination we currently have in Buffalo at SUNY would appear to be one of the best available including ESCA (150 micrometer spot capability) Auger (SAM) with 300 A focussing for surface compositional surveys, SIMS for high sensitivity trace element detection and ISS for immediate surface layer analysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Mars Sample Return Science; p 51-52
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A volumetric adsorption system incorporating a pressure gauge was employed to determine nitrogen adsorption and evaluate surface areas. The water adsorption of the lunar samples was measured with the aid of a gravimetric adsorption system including a microbalance. The results obtained in the investigation for the three samples are discussed in detail, giving attention to aspects of dehydroxylation and rehydroxylation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A description is given of outgassing and gas interaction studies conducted with Taurus-Littrow orange soil. Scanning electron microscopy studies and X-ray emission spectra investigations are also considered. Data for the adjacent gray soil are included and compared with the results obtained for the orange soil. It is found that differences obtained for the two gases are not related to the nature of the gases evolved but only to the amounts of the gas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A surface fragment of 60017, itself an exposed section of Shadow Rock, has been characterized structurally and chemically using gas adsorption, helium pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Auger and ESCA spectroscopy. The fragment is seen as a partially melted devitrified-glass impact breccia possessing a relatively low surface area, macroporosity, and low absolute density. The fragment appears to be plagioclase-enriched with respect to 60017 and to possess significant surface heterogeneity. Confirmation of the surface reduction of iron was obtained; however, the extent of this reduction varied from point to point. Significant amounts of surface volatiles were also found, and it is hypothesized that these were released during the North Ray cratering event. If this is proved correct, similar volatile concentrations should be found on other North Ray ejecta.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 15, 1976 - Mar 19, 1976; Houston, TX
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A pore-volume analysis was performed on water vapor adsorption data previously obtained on a fresh sample of Taurus-Littrow orange soil, and the analysis was repeated on the same sample after its exposure to moist air for a period of approximately six months. The results indicate that exposure of an outgassed sample to high relative pressures of water vapor can result in the formation of substantial micropore structure, the precise amount being dependent on the sample pretreatment, particularly the outgassing temperature. Micropore formation is explained in terms of water penetration into surface defects. In contrast, long-term exposure to moist air at low relative pressures appears to reverse the process with the elimination of micropores and enlargement of mesopores possibly through surface diffusion of metastable adsorbent material. The results are considered with reference to the storage of lunar samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An existing technique, helium pycnometry, has been adapted for the measurement of specific gravities of lunar samples, where surface areas are low (less than 1 sq m/g) and crushing the sample to a fine powder is highly undesirable. The technique is superior to typical liquid immersion methods, in that it is noncontaminating and, where vuggy or porous samples are concerned, should provide a more accurate (higher) absolute density value. The experimental helium pycnometry measurements have been compared in three instances for two rocks with values calculated from a normative mineral composition. The comparison appears good, however, where differences occur, the direct experimental technique appears to provide the better value and to be capable of indicating density variations within a single rock sample.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 14, 1977 - Mar 18, 1977; Houston, TX
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