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  • 1
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    Neptune's magnetic field - Calculation of field geometric invariants derived from the I8E1 GSFC/BRI model (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: L shell values along the Voyager 2 encounter trajectory and those associated with the N1 through N6 moons and N1R through N6R rings of Neptune are computed numerically on the basis of a simplified description of the Neptunian magnetic field derived from the Goddard Space Flight Center/Bartol Research Institute I8E1 model, which includes internal terms up to and including the octupole (but no external terms). Like Uranus, the large tilt between the dipole term and the rotation axis causes the moons and rings to sweep a very large range of L shells. Their orbital motion introduces additional periodicities, causing the maxima and minima in L space to vary systematically with time.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A7; p. 11,275-11,284.
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  • 2
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    Magnetic fields at Uranus (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The conclusions drawn regarding the structure, behavior and composition of the Uranian magnetic field and magnetosphere as revealed by Voyager 2 data are summarized. The planet had a bipolar magnetotail and a bow shock wave which was observed 23.7 Uranus radii (UR) upstream and a magnetopause at 18.0 UR. The magnetic field observed can be represented by a dipole offset from the planet by 0.3 UR. The field vector and the planetary angular momentum vector formed a 60 deg angle, permitting Uranus to be categorized as an oblique rotator, with auroral zones occurring far from the rotation axis polar zones. The surface magnetic field was estimated to lie between 0.1-1.1 gauss. Both the field and the magnetotail rotated around the planet-sun line in a period of about 17.29 hr. Since the ring system is embedded within the magnetosphere, it is expected that the rings are significant absorbers of radiation belt particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 233; 85-89
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  • 3
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    Implications of the GSFC Q3 model for trapped particle motion (1988)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Uranus magnetic field model of Connerney et al. (1987), designated GSFC Q3, is used to compute field geometric invariant parameters that determine the adiabatic motion of energetic charged particles trapped in the Uranian magnetosphere, performing computations only for points located along the Voyager 2 flyby trajectory. The L-shell values computed along the Voyager-2 trajectory were compared with L shell values corresponding to the orbital positions for the Uranian satellites Ariel, Umbriel, Miranda, and Titania for a time period centered on the time of the Voyager 2 closest approach to the planet. Bimodal distributions of L minima asociated with the orbital motion of the moons are obtained, thus complicating the model predictions and correlations with charged particle data. The location of charged particle absorption signatures associated with the sweeping effects of the Uranian satellites is reasonably predicted, but significant discrepancies remain which cannot be explained by Q3 model uncertainties.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 5505-551
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  • 4
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    The Z3 zonal harmonic model of Saturn's magnetic field Analyses and implications (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The planetary magnetic field of Saturn has been studied by the spacecraft Pioneer 11 in 1979, Voyager 1 in 1980, and Voyager 2 in 1981. The field is found to be primarily dipolar and axially coincident with the rotation axis, but with significant quadrupole and octupole moments. The harmonic terms are g1(0) = 21535 nT, g2(0) = 1642 nT, and g3(0) = 2743 nT. This model field, Z3, in conjunction with a model for an equatorial ring current, represents very precisely the in situ magnetic-field measurements and data on charged-particle absorption by satellites and rings within 8 Saturn radii of the planet. However, this axisymmetric model fails to explain the periodic modulation of Saturn's kilometric radiation or Saturn's electrostatic discharges. This enigma of Saturn's magnetosphere remains unsolved in spite of extensive reconsideration of all available data bearing on this issue.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8771-877
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  • 5
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    The electrodynamic interaction of Io with Jovian magnetosphere (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 6
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    The induced magnetosphere of Titan (1982)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: No evidence was found for an intrinsic magnetic field, nor for the development of a bow shock wave, as the corotating Saturnian magnetoplasma convected past Titan during the Voyager 1 close encounter of November 12, 1980. The observation of a well-developed, induced bipolar magnetic tail is evidence, however, of a strong electrodynamic interaction. Three thin, current-carrying regions were crossed which correspond to the inbound and outbound tail magnetopause and an imbedded tail neutral sheet. The interaction is unique among those observed to date in the solar system, in that it is intermediate with respect to sonic and Alfvenic Mach numbers by comparison with Titan in the solar wind and Io in the Jovian magnetosphere. The draping of the Saturnian magnetic field around the ionosphere of Titan is suggested by results of the analysis of magnetic field data.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Mar. 1
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  • 7
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    Magnetic field studies by Voyager 1 - Preliminary results at Saturn (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Confirmation and refinement of Saturnian magnetosphere features established by the Pioneer 11 emission are claimed for Voyager 1 magnetic field studies of the planet. The radius of the magnetopause at the subsolar point is 23 Saturn radii, and a magnetic tail of 80 Saturn radii diameter was discovered. The tail extends away from the sun and is similar to both type II comet tails and the terrestrial and Jovian magnetic tails. Data from Voyager's very close flyby of Titan, which is located within the Saturn magnetosphere, shows an absence of any substantial, intrinsic satellite magnetic field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 10
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  • 8
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    Jupiter's main magnetic field measured by Pioneer 11 (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The preliminary results of an analysis of quick-look data obtained from a high field magnetometer placed on Pioneer 11 are presented. It is found that within three planetary radii of Jupiter, the planetary magnetic field is too complex to be represented by a simple offset tilted dipole (OTD), as was suggested by Pioneer 10 data, and that higher harmonic multipoles are required. Reconciliation is achieved with earlier independently derived estimates obtained from ground-based observations of radio emissions, since the movement and tilt of the Pioneer 10 model yielded a field configuration and intensity that were inconsistent with those estimates.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 253; Jan. 31
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  • 9
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    The Z3 model of Saturn's magnetic field and the Pioneer 11 vector helium magnetometer observations (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Magnetic field observations obtained by the Pioneer 11 vector helium magnetometer are compared with the Z(sub 3) model magnetic field. These Pioneer 11 observations, obtained at close-in radial distances, constitute an important and independent test of the Z(sub 3) zonal harmonic model, which was derived from Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 fluxgate magnetometer observations. Differences between the Pioneer 11 magnetometer and the Z(sub 3) model field are found to be small (approximately 1 percent) and quantitatively consistent with the expected instrumental accuracy. A detailed examination of these differences in spacecraft payload coordinates shows that they are uniquely associated with the instrument frame of reference and operation. A much improved fit to the Pioneer 11 observations is obtained by rotation of the instrument coordinate system about the spacecraft spin axis by 1.4 degree. With this adjustment, possibly associated with an instrumental phase lag or roll attitude error, the Pioneer 11 vector helium magnetometer observations are fully consistent with the Voyager Z(sub 3) model.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 7541-754
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  • 10
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    Zonal harmonic model of Saturn's magnetic field from Voyager 1 and 2 observations (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analysis of the magnetic field of Saturn is presented which takes into account both the Voyager 1 and 2 vector magnetic field observations. The analysis is based on the traditional spherical harmonic expansion of a scale potential to derive the magnetic field within 8 Saturn radii. A third-order zonal harmonic model fitted to Voyager 1 and 2 observations is found to be capable of predicting the magnetic field characteristics at one encounter based on those observed at another, unlike models including dipole and quadrupole terms only. The third-order model is noted to lead to significantly enhanced polar surface field intensities with respect to dipole models, and probably represents the axisymmetric part of a complex dynamo field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 298; July 1
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