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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (5)
  • 1
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    Systematic biases in radiometric diameter determinations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Radiometric diameter determinations are presently shown to often be significantly affected by the effect of rotation. This thermal effect of rotation depends not only on the object's thermal inertia, rotation rate, and pole orientation, but also on its temperature, since colder objects having constant rotation rate and thermal inertia will radiate less of their heat on the diurnal than on the nocturnal hemisphere. A disk-integrated beaming parameter of 0.72 is determined for the moon, and used to correct empirically for the roughness effects in thermophysical models; the standard thermal model is found to systematically underestimate cold object diameters, while overstating their albedos.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 78; 337-354
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the unusual minor planet 5145 Pholus (1992AD) (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Near-IR photometry and spectroscopy of 5145 Pholus reveals that the visual to IR colors are unusually red and appear to show evidence for complex organic solids and/or ices on the surface. No compelling match is found with any present measurements of single-component ice or tholin samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 102; 1; p. 166-169.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Constraints on the diameter and albedo of 2060 Chiron (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Asteroid 2060 Chiron is the largest known object exhibiting cometary activity. Radiometric observations made in 1983 from a ground-based telescope and the IRAS are used to examine the limits on Chiron's diameter and albedo. It is argued that Chiron's surface temperature distribution at that time is best described by an 'isothermal latitude' or 'rapid-rotator' model. Consequently, Chiron has a maximum diameter of 372 kilometers and a minimum geometric albedo of 2.7 percent. This is much bigger and darker than previous estimates, and suggests that gravity may play a significant role in the evolution of gas and dust emissions. It is also found that for large obliquities, surface temperatures can vary dramatically on time scales of a decade, and that such geometry may play a critical role in explaining Chiron's observed photometric behavior since its discovery in 1977.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 251; 777-780
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    IRAS serendipitous survey observations of Pluto and Charon (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: On Aug. 16, 1983, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite made two separate pointed observations of Pluto and its moon Charon. Because of the small angular displacement of the system between the times of measurement, the Pluto-Charon system was identified as a source in the Serendipitous Survey (SSC 14029+0518). Detections were made at 60 and 100 micrometers with color-corrected flux densities of 581 + or - 58 and 721 + or - 123 millijanskys, respectively. Pluto is best described as having a dark equatorial band, and brighter polar caps of methane ice extending to + or - 45 deg latitude, at most. An upper limit of approximately 9 meter-amagats is placed on the column abundance of a methane atmosphere on Pluto, which is comparable to recent upper limits based on independent ground-based spectroscopy.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 237; 1336-134
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    A refined 'standard' thermal model for asteroids based on observations of 1 Ceres and 2 Pallas (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An analysis of ground-based thermal IR observations of 1 Ceres and 2 Pallas in light of their recently determined occultation diameters and small amplitude light curves has yielded a new value for the IR beaming parameter employed in the standard asteroid thermal emission model which is significantly lower than the previous one. When applied to the reduction of thermal IR observations of other asteroids, this new value is expected to yield model diameters closer to actual values. The present formulation incorporates the IAU magnitude convention for asteroids that employs zero-phase magnitudes, including the opposition effect.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 68; 239-251
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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