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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Septoria tritici occur at a high frequency (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: RFLPs ; Septoria tritici ; DNA fingerprinting ; Genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A set of probes that detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in nuclear DNA has been developed for genetic studies of the phytopathogenic fungus Septoria tritici. Two plasmid libraries containing 0.5–1.3 or 1.3–2.4 kb fragments of S. tritici nuclear DNA were constructed. Seventeen random clones from each library were used as probes to screen for RFLP variation among a geographically-diverse group of six S. tritici isolates. Among the 196 probe-enzyme combinations tested, 145 detected RFLPs among the six isolates. The restriction enzymes EcoRV and PstI detected RFLPs most efficiently. Three probes detected deletions. A ribosomal DNA probe from yeast did not detect a significant amount of variation. These probes will be useful for studying genetic variation, population genetics, and genome organization of S. tritici.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312858
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLPs in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA indicate low levels of genetic diversity in the oak wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fagacearum (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 27 (1995), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: RFLPs ; Genetic diversity ; Population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic diversity in the oak wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fagacearum was assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and anonymous RFLP loci in the nuclear DNA (nuDNA). No genetic variation was detected in the mtDNA among 27 isolates sampled from a broad geographical area. Southern hybridization to 100 anonymous, random, nuDNA probes detected a low level of variation among nine of the isolates. Only 35 out of 437 probe-enzyme combinations detected RFLPs. Most of the RFLPs appeared to result from insertions and deletions of less than 200 bp. A composite multilocus haplotype based on hybridization to six anonymous probes could differentiate each of the nine isolates tested, suggesting that these probes may be useful for further studies of the population biology and epidemiology of this pathogen. Hypotheses are presented to account for the low level of genetic variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of selection on the genetic structure of pathogen populations: Evidence from field experiments with Mycosphaerella graminicola on wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 92 (1996), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: coevolution ; DNA fingerprints ; Mycosphaerella graminicola ; RFLPs ; Septoria tritici
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Coevolution refers to reciprocal genetic changes that occur in two or more ecologically interacting species. In agricultural ecosystems, we are especially concerned with the genetic response of pathogen populations to resistant cultivars produced by plant breeding programs. It would be useful to be able to predict whether disease resistance is likely to be durable or ephemeral before a cultivar is widely grown. Though it may not be possible to predict durability in advance, knowledge of the genetic structure of pathogen populations may prove useful for making predictions about the rate at which pathogens adapt to resistant varieties. Much has been learned about the genetic structure of populations of obligate fungal pathogens such as rusts and mildews, which have become paradigms for plant pathology. We have focused our effort on the population genetics of the less known, non-specialized, necrotrophic pathogens, such as the Septorias of small grains. Our approach has been to use DNA fingerprinting and RFLP analysis to conduct field experiments that elucidate how populations of fungal pathogens adapt in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that mating system may have a greater impact than natural selection on the genetic structure of populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022831
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  • 4
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    The flux and source of energetic protons in Saturn's inner magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The flux of energetic protons in Saturn's inner magnetosphere was observed in two channels from 48 to 63 and 63 to 160 MeV. Absorption features due to the G ring and the satellites Enceladus and Mimas were easily identifiable. The flux observed in the absorption slot of Mimas can be maintained by the decay of a cosmic ray albedo neutron flux of 0.007/sq cm/s/sr. This flux is entirely consistent with calculations of the neutron flux produced by galactic cosmic ray interactions with the rings of Saturn. The omnidirectional proton flux of 0.0082/sq cm/s at 2.734 R sub s requires a residence time of 30 years. Both the residence time and the energy spectrum are comparable to those found in the inner radiation belt of the Earth. The angular distribution is nearly isotropic in the Mimas slot and beyond 4R sub s. Otherwise the pitch angle distribution is pancake and is approximated by sin(n)theta with n in the range 2 to 7. This distribution is consistent with an isotropic neutron source in the ring plane. Previously announced in STAR as N83-22084
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8923-893
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Jovian protons and electrons - Pioneer 11 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The report presented takes into account data from the low energy telescope which were obtained during the passage of Pioneer 11 through the Jovian magnetosphere. The detector system used measures the proton flux in the range from 0.2 to 21.2 MeV in seven energy intervals and the electron flux in the range from 0.1 to 2 MeV in four intervals. The significance of the effects measured in the inner core region of the magnetosphere is discussed and attention is given to the effects of Jovian moons on the particle flux in the planetary environment.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    First measurement of helium on Mars: Implications for the problem of radiogenic gases on the terrestrial planets (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The 108 photons of the Martian He 584 A airglow detected by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite during a two-day exposure (22-23 Jan. 1993) correspond to the effective disk average intensity of 43 (+/-) 10 Rayleigh. Radiative transfer calculations, using a model atmosphere appropriate to the conditions of the observation and having an exospheric temperature of 210 (+/-) 20 K, result in an He mixing ratio of 1.1 (+/-) 0.4 ppm in the lower atmosphere. Nonthermal escape of helium is due to the following: electron impact ionization and pickup of He(+) by the solar wind; collisions with hot oxygen atoms; and charge exchange with molecular species with corresponding column loss rates of 1.4 x 10(exp 5), 3 x 10(exp 4), and 7 x 10(exp 3) cm(exp -2)s(exp -1), respectively. The lifetime of helium on Mars is 5 x 10(exp 4) yr. The He outgassing rate, coupled with the Ar-40 atmospheric abundance and with the K:U:Th ratio measured in the surface rocks, is used as input to a simple two-reservoir degassing model which presumes the loss of all argon accumulated in the atmosphere during the first Byr by large-scale impacts. The model results in total planet mass ratios of 10(exp -5) g/g for K, 2.3 x 10(exp -9) g/g for U, 8.5 x 10(exp -9) g/g for Th, 4 x 10(exp -10) g/g for He, and 1.5 x 10(exp -9) g/g for Ar-40. The predicted radiogenic heat flux is 2 erg cm(exp -2)s(exp -1). Similar modeling for Venus results in total plant mass ratios of 4.7 x 10(exp -5) g/g for K, 6.7 x 10(exp -9) g/g for U, 2.2 x 10(exp -8) g/g for Th, 1.3 x 10(exp -9) for He, 6.7 x 10(exp -9) g/g for Ar-40, and a radiogenic heat flux of 15 erg cm(exp -2)s(exp -1). The implications of these results are discussed. The modeling shows that the radioactive elements were not distributed uniformly in the protoplanetary nebula, and their relative abundances differ very much in the terrestrial planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: H-O; p 749-750
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    EUVE observations of the Moon (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During its all-sky survey, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite observed the Moon several times at first and last quarters, and once near the Dec. 10, 1992 lunar eclipse. We present a preliminary reduction and analysis of this data, in the form of EUV images of the Moon and derived albedos.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 537
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Observations of energetic ions and electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Observations of the magnetosphere of Saturn made by the cosmic-ray experiment on board Pioneer 11 are summarized. Detailed energy spectra and angular distributions of protons from 0.2 to 22 MeV and electrons from 0.1 to 2 MeV were obtained, together with measurements of helium nuclei between 0.65 and 22 MeV/n. The time histories of proton and electron data suggest a division of the Saturn magnetosphere into three regions: (1) an outer magnetosphere between 17 and 7.5 Saturn radii, which is characterized by monotonically increasing fluxes and spectral hardening inward from the magnetosphere, with large changes in low-energy electron angular distributions; (2) a slot region between 7.5 and 4 Saturn radii where marked decreases in proton and low-energy electron fluxes are observed, apparently due to the presence of Dione, Tethys and Enceladus; and (3) an inner region between 4 Saturn radii and the ring edge, which exhibits sharp increases in proton fluxes with energies up to 20 MeV, which are broken near the orbits of Mimas, Janus and possibly S 11. A sharp cutoff of proton and electron fluxes is observed just beyond the nominal edge of the A ring.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    If you've seen one magnetosphere, you haven't seen them all - Energetic particle observations in the Saturn magnetosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The present paper deals with a study of Saturn's magnetosphere, using data of the Pioneer 11 Cosmic ray experiment. At the orbit of Saturn, the nominal energy density of the interplanetary magnetic field and of the solar wind has decreased by 2 orders of magnitude over their value at 1 AU. The Pioneer inbound trajectory near the noon meridian and the outbound trajectory toward the dawn meridian reveal a magnetosphere which is in many aspects similar to that of the earth, but has important differences due to the imprint of Saturn's moons and rings. The magnetotail and polar regions were not observed. However, the presence of solar cosmic rays offers strong evidence for an open magnetotail configuration. The detection of energetic particles at Saturn means that 4 of the 6 planets inside 10 AU possess stable magnetospheres.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Nov. 1
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  • 10
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    Energetic protons in the Jovian magnetosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Time histories, angular distributions and energy spectra of energetic protons were observed over an energy range of 0.2 to 20 MeV for the four passes of Pioneers 10 and 11 through the Jovian magnetosphere. The energetic particle data from these four passes are remarkably different. Azimuthal anisotropies appear to dominate with time variations also contributing to the very complex topology. On the inbound P-10 pass the expected corotation anisotropy was not observed in the outer magnetosphere. The simplest explanation is that the particle reference frame (the magnetospheric plasma) is moving nearly radially, suggesting the existence of a planetary wind at that time.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; June 1
    Format: text
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