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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 695-700 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation und Sulfidierung von Eisenaluminiden bei hohen TemperaturenZur Beurteilung der Beständigkeit gegenüber Oxidation und Sulfidierung von mehreren neuartigen Eisenaluminiden mit 5 Gew.-% Cr, 0,2 Gew.-% Zr, 0 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Y und 8 bis 16 Gew.-% Al wurden Untersuchungen bei 500 bis 700°C durchgeführt. Die Testumgebungen waren H2/H2O/H2S Gasmischungen, die Sauerstoff- und Schwefelpartialdrücke im Bereich von 10-24 bis 10-31 atm bzw. 10-9 bis 10-11 atm ergaben. Der Einfluß einer Voroxidation auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Zum Vergleich wurden verschiedene Standard-Cr2O3- und Al2O3-bildende Legierungen in das Programm einbezogen.Allgemein waren die Al2O3-bildenden intermetallischen Phasen und Legierungen wesentlich beständiger gegenüber Schädigungen als die Cr2O3-bildenden Legierungen. Eine Voroxidaiton erhöhte in jedem Fall die Zeitspanne bis zum Auftreten von abplatzender Korrosion, die durch die Bildung und Wachstum von Sulfiden verursacht war. In Umgebungen, in denen die Cr2O3-bilddenen Legierungen dicken Sulfidzunder entwickelten, konnte festgestellt werden, daß die Eisenaluminide wirksamer schützenden Al2O3-reichen Zunder entwickelten und behielten als konventionelle Al2O3-bildende Legierungen. Bei den relativ niedrigen Temperaturen dieser Versuche war es schwieriger, den schützenden Zunder aufrechtzuerhalten als bei hohen Temperaturen, insbesondere bei Legierungen mit relativ niedriger Aluminiumkonzentration. So zeigte ein Eisenaluminid mit 16 Gew.-% Al eine gute Widerstandsfähigkeit bei allen Bedingungen während ein Aluminid mit 8 Gew.-% Al bei 500°C stärkere Sulfidbildung entwickelte als bei 700°C. Insgesamt nahm der Widerstand der intermetallischen Verbindungen gegenüber Schädigungen mit steigendem Aluminiumgehalt zu, wenn auch keine von ihnen eine übermäßige Sulfidierung in den 50 h Testprogrammen zeigte.
    Notes: An investigation has been carried out into the oxidation-sulphidation resistance of a series of novel iron aluminides, containing 5 wt% Cr, 0.2 wt% Zr, from 0 to 0.3 wt% Y and from 8 to 16 wt% Al, at 500°C to 700°C. The test environments were H2/H2O/H2S gas mixtures, giving oxygen and sulphur partial pressures in the ranges of 10-24 to 10-31 atm and 10-9 to 10-11 atm respectively. The effects of preoxidation on the degradation resistance have also been studied. For comparison, several standard Cr2O3-forming and Al2O3-forming alloys were included in the programme.In general, the Al2O3-forming intermetallics and alloys were much more resistant to degradation than the Cr2O3-forming alloys while, in all cases, preoxidation increased the time to the onset of breakaway-type corrosion resulting from the initiation and growth of sulphides. In environments in which the Cr2O3-forming alloys developed thick sulphide scales, it was found that the iron aluminides developed and retained protective Al2O3-rich scales more effectively than the conventional Al2O3-forming alloys. At the relatively low temperatures of these tests, it was more difficult to establish the protective scale than at high temperatures, particularly on the alloys of relatively low aluminium concentration. Thus, an iron aluminide containing 16 wt% Al showed good degradation resistance under all conditions while an aluminide containing 8 wt% Al developed more extensive sulphides at 500°C that at 700°C. Overall, the resistance of the intermetallics to degradation increased with increasing aluminium concentration, although none of them showed excessive sulphidation in the 50 h test programmes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study has been carried out on the molecular weight distributions of polystyrene initiated by sodium naphthalene in tetrahydrofuran solution. Stringent high-vacuum techniques were used in order to minimize initiator destruction or chain termination. Molecular weights were measured by osmotic pressure, dilute solution viscosity, light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium. In general, the molecular weight distributions found were quite narrow, as predicted, and corresponded to a stoichiometry of one polymer chain for two initiator molecules. However, the breadth of the distribution was very sensitive to experimental conditions, the M̄w/M̄n values found ranging from 1.1 to 1.5. At the higher molecular weights, there was some indication of a chain transfer reaction, leading to a lower molecular weight than expected, as well as a broadening of the distribution. This transfer reaction did not appear to be due to any transfer step between the short-lived radical-anions and the solvent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We identify the lithologic and compositional components of soil 76503 based on INAA of 243 2-4-mm particles and 72 thin sections from these and associated 1-2-mm particles (76502). We present a statistical distribution of the major compositional types as the first step of a detailed comparative study of the North and South Massifs. The soil sample was collected well away from any boulder and is more representative of typical North Massif material than any single large rock or boulder sample. So far, our examination of the 76503 particles has provided a better definition of precursor igneous lithologies and their petrogenetic relationships. It has enabled us to refine the nature of mixing components for the North Massif less than 1-mm fines. It has confirmed the differences in lithologies and their proportions between materials of the North and South Massifs; e.g., the North Massif is distinguished by the absence of a 72275-type KREEP component, the abundance of a highly magnesian igneous component, and the absence of certain types of melt compositions found in the South Massif samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Workshop on Geology of the Apollo 17 Landing Site; p 2-4
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Studies of Apollo 17 highland igneous rocks and clasts in breccias from the North and South Massifs have described magnesian troctolite, norite, anorthositic gabbro, dunite, spinel cataclasites, and granulitic lithologies that may have noritic anothosite or anorthositic norite/gabbro as igneous precursors, and have speculated on possible petrogenetic relationships among these rock types. Mineral compositions and relative proportions of plagioclase and plagioclase-olivine particles in samples 76503 indicate that the precursor lithology of those particles were troctolitic anorthosite, not troctolite. Mineral and chemical compositions of more pyroxene-rich, magnesian breccias and granulites in 76503 indicate that their precursor lithology was anorthositic norite/gabbro. The combination of mineral compositions and whole-rock trace-element compositional trends supports a genetic relationship among these two groups as would result from differentiation of a single pluton. Although highland igneous lithologies in Apollo 17 materials have been described previously, the proportions of different igneous lithologies present in the massifs, their frequency of association, and how they are related are not well known. We consider the proportions of, and associations among, the igneous lithologies found in a North Massif soil, which may represent those of the North Massif or a major part of it.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Workshop on Geology of the Apollo 17 Landing Site; p 24-26
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Among the highland lithologies of 2-4 mm rock fragments in North Massif soil 76503, we have found a compositional group, low in incompatible element concentrations, that we interpret as representing the pre-Serenitatis surface. A component of these materials is an igneous-textured lithology that we believe formed in large impact melts. These are compositionally similar to, and possibly precursors of, many of the granulitic breccias that appear to be mixtures of ferroan and magnesian-suite rocks. The polymict, or old, upper-crustal breccias, along with granulitic breccias and the endogenous igneous lithologies found particularly at the North Massif stations, constitute the poorly consolidated portions of North Massif. Highland samples from the South Massif, on the other hand, are enriched in materials of the competent, impact-melt breccias formed by the Serenitatis impact. The competent melt-breccias contain clasts of most of the pre-existing surface materials, but they also contain components not found in the rocks of the poorly consolidated massif materials.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 727-728
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A phosphate-rich clast in a pigeonite-plagioclase mineral assemblage occurs in Apollo 17 impact-melt breccia 76503,7025. The clast, measuring 0.9 x 0.4 mm in thin section, contains 3.3 percent (volume) apatite (Ca5P3O12(F,Cl)), 0.8 percent whitlockite (Ca16(Mg,Fe)2REE2P14O56), and trace monazite ((LREE)PO4). Major minerals include 26 percent pigeonite, En53-57FS34-35W08-13, and 69 percent plagioclase, An84-92Ab7-15Oro.6-1.1. Troilite, ilmenite, and other accessory minerals constitute less than 1 percent of the assemblage and Fe-metal occurs along fractures. Also present in the melt breccia as a separate clast is a fragment of felsite. Based on the association of these clasts and their assemblages, a parent lithology of alkali-anorthositic monzogabbro is postulated. Monazite occurs in the phosphate-bearing clast as two less than 10 micron grains intergrown with whitlockite. The concentration of combined REE oxides in monazite is 63.5 percent and the chondrite-normalized REE pattern is strongly enriched in LREE, similar to lunar monazite in 10047,68 and terrestrial monazite. Thorium concentration was not measured in monazite, but based on oxide analyses of approximately 100 percent (including interpolated values for REE not measured), substantial Th concentration is not indicated, similar to monazite in 10047,68. Measured monazite/whitlockite REE ratios are La: 11, Ce: 8, Sm: 3.6, Y: 0.9, and Yb: 0.5. Compositions of monazite and coexisting whitlockite and apatite are given.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 725-726
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Compositions, including REEs determined by ion microprobe, of apatite and whitlockite in lunar rock assemblages rich in incompatible trace elements, are presented. Concentrations of REEs in lunar whitlockites are high, ranging from about 1.2 to 2.1 REEs (lanthanides + Y) per 56 oxygens. This slightly exceeds the level of two REE atoms per 56 oxygens at which the dominant substitution theoretically becomes saturated. This saturation effect leads to whitlockite REE(3+) D values at typical lunar whitlockite REE concentrations which are 30-40 percent lower than the D values at low concentrations. The halogen-to-phosphorous ratio in lunar melts is a key factor determining the REE distribution with crystalline assemblages. As long as P and REE concentrations of melts are in KREEP-like proportions, one or both of the phosphates will saturate in melts at similar REE concentrations.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 57; 16; p. 4069-4094.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: MAC88104 and 88105, paired meteorites of noritic anorthosite composition, are examined. Results indicate that these meteorites contain a variety of materials including impact-melt breccias, igneous and metamorphosed bressia clasts, glass clasts and veins, mineral clasts, and extralunar meteoritic debris. Compositions of the bulk meteorite and its components suggest that it came from a region of the moon's crust that was highly aluminous, low in incompatible trace elements, and ferroan in character.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 55; 3051-307
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