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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The ratio of intensities of hydrogen Balmer lines H-alpha/H-beta is proposed as an indicator of electron temperature in a nonequilibrium plasma. Although different from the equilibrium case, the intensity ratio is a unique function of electron temperature provided that the optical depth is small for the visible lines and the plasma is far out of equilibrium. For such a plasma, the H-alpha/H-beta intensity ratios are computed. The results are tabulated in the form of a conversion table between the measured excitation temperature and the true electron temperature. The ranges of applicability of the conversion table are also computed and are presented in separate tables. An example is shown in which particle densities are consistent with the Saha equilibrium condition at the apparent excitation temperature even though the plasma is in nonequilibrium at a different true electron temperature.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; 12; Mar. 197
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The nonequilibrium chemical processes of nitric oxide formation are computed for the wake of the Tunguska meteor of 1908. The wake characteristics are derived by carrying out an optically-thick radiation field analysis for ablation of the meteoroid. The wake flow field is approximated by a one-dimensional, well-stirred reactor model. Known characteristics of the Tunguska event are imposed as constraints, and three controlling parameters - chemical composition, density, and velocity - are varied over a range around the values derived by Korobeinikov et al. (1976) and Petrov and Stulov (1975). The calculation shows that at least 19 million tons of nitric oxide is produced between the altitudes of 10 and 50 km. The anomalous atmospheric phenomena following the event are attributed to the reactions involving nitric oxide thus produced and atmospheric ozone. It is speculated that the nitric oxide produced by the event fertilized the area near the fall, causing the observed rapid plant growth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Acta Astronautica; 5; July-Aug
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  • 3
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The process by which odd nitrogen species (atomic nitrogen and nitric oxide) are formed during atmospheric entry of meteoroids is analyzed theoretically. An ablating meteoroid is assumed to be a point source of mass with a continuum regime evolving in its wake. The amounts of odd nitrogen species, produced by high-temperature reactions of air in the continuum wake, are calculated by numerical integration of chemical rate equations. Flow properties are assumed to be uniform across the wake, and 29 reactions involving five neutral species and five singly ionized species are considered, as well as vibrational and electron temperature nonequilibrium phenomena. The results, when they are summed over the observed mass, velocity, and entry-angle distribution of meteoroids, provide odd-nitrogen-species annual global production rates as functions of altitude. The peak production of nitric oxide is found to occur at an altitude of about 85 km; atomic nitrogen production peaks at about 95 km. The total annual rate for nitric oxide is 40 million kg; for atomic nitrogen it is 170 million kg.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Aug. 20
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Polynomial method for approximating radiation intensity from plasma light source represented by Abel transforms
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: NASA-TN-D-5677 , A-3444
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  • 5
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Electron-ion three-body recombination rate in nonequilibrium dense nitrogen plasma measured spectroscopically
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: AIAA PAPER 67-703
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Arc heated plasma expansion through nozzle, observing population inversion of neutral carbon self-absorption UV atomic line
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: AIAA PAPER 71-592 , FLUID AND PLASMA DYNAMICS CONFERENCE; Jun 21, 1971 - Jun 23, 1971; PALO ALTO, CA
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Nonequilibrium excitation in recombining nitrogen plasma nozzle flows
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: AIAA PAPER 70-44 , AEROSPACE SCIENCES MEETING; Jan 19, 1970 - Jan 21, 1970; NEW YORK, NY|; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Use of an immersible, three-coil, magnetic-induction probe, previously tested in a low-density supersonic argon jet, to measure electrical conductivity and velocity profiles of a highly ionized high-density nitrogen jet in the continuum flow regime where effects due to probe bow shocks and boundary layers might not be negligible. Measured centerline values of electrical conductivity and velocity were compared with predictions based on a theoretical analysis previously developed to study the gas as it expanded adiabatically and inviscidly from an equilibrium sonic state to the nozzle exit. The resulting numerical exit plane values for electron density and electron temperature were then substituted into the Spitzer-Haerm conductivity formula to compute a theoretical conductivity which agreed within 40% of the measured conductivity, while the calculated and experimental velocity values differed by as much as 50%. The lack of agreement was attributed to the possible use of invalid assumptions and boundary conditions in the computer analysis or to the unknown effects of shocks on the probe data.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: AIAA PAPER 72-671 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Conference; Jun 26, 1972 - Jun 28, 1972; Boston, MA
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Nonequilibrium excitation in recombining N plasma nozzle flows
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: AIAA PAPER 70-44 , AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, AEROSPACE SCIENCES MEETING, 8TH; Jan 19, 1970 - Jan 21, 1970; NEW YORK, NY
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Theoretical population inversion in decaying nitrogen plasma column free from external fields and confined motionless in circular cylinder
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: AIAA PAPER 69-48 , AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, AEROSPACE SCIENCES MEETING; Jan 20, 1969 - Jan 22, 1969; NEW YORK, NY
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