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  • 1
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    Nematode radiobiology and development in space. Results from IML-1 (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The Radiat experiment was one of 17 investigations which used the ESA Biorack on IML-1 (International Microgravity Laboratory) and it had two objectives. The first objective was to isolate and characterize mutations induced by cosmic rays; the second was to assess the fidelity of development in 0-gravity over two consecutive generations. Two strategies were used to isolate mutations in a set of essential genes or a specific gene and to correlate the genetic events with the passage of charged particles. The results were isolation of 60 lethal mutations whose phenotypes are related to the local pattern of energy deposition. 12 mutations in the unc-22 gene include large deletions as characterized by DNA hybridization studies. Development of nematodes proceeded through two consecutive generations with no obvious defects. Cytoplasmic determinants in embryos, nuclear location and symmetry of cellular anatomy were normal as were Mendelian segregation and recombination of genetic markers.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the Fifth European Symposium on Life Sciences Research in Space; p 187-191
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  • 2
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    LifeSat - Radiation research (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spaceflight crews will be exposed to levels of radiation which exceed those experienced on the ground. In order to reduce the uncertainty in the evaluation of risks it is necessary to validate the responses of biological systems in space under conditions which simulate exposure levels expected during exploration class missions. The LifeSat system provides the experimental capabilities to satisfy these goals. Specifically, LifeSat is capable of long duration flights of up to 60 days, is able to fly directly into trapped radiation belts and in circular or eccentric polar orbits, has the ability to provide artificial gravity and imposes fewer restrictions than the STS on the use of hazardous materials such as chemical fixatives. These features along with reference missions and experiments are discussed with respect to radiation research goals.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: SAE PAPER 901228
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  • 3
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    Radiation biology of HZE particles (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The biological effects of heavy charged particle (HZE) radiation are of particular interest to travellers and planners for long duration space flights where exposure levels represent a potential health hazard. The unique feature of HZE radiation is the structured pattern of its energy deposition in targets which may be related to charge, velocity, or rate of energy loss. There are many consequences of this feature to biological endpoints when compared to effects of ionizing photons. Dose vs response and dose rate kinetics are modified, DNA and cellular repair systems are altered in their abilities to cope with damage and, the qualitative features of damage are unique for different ions. These features must be incorporated into any risk assessment system for radiation health management. HZE induced mutation, cell inactivation and altered organogenesis will be discussed emphasizing studies with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and cultured cells. Observations from radiobiology experiments in space will also be reviewed along with plans for future space-based studies.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 90-548
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  • 4
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    The nematode C. elegans - A model animal system for the detection of genetic and developmental lesions (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation effects on cell reproduction, differentiation, and mutation in vivo are studied using the nematode C. elegans. The relationships between fluence/dose and response and quality factor and linear energy transfer are analyzed. The data reveal that there is a complex repair pathway in the nematode and that mutants can be used to direct the sensitivity of the system to specific mutagens/radiation types.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: SAE PAPER 891488
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  • 5
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    Caenorhabditis elegans - A model system for space biology studies (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The utility of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in studies spanning aspects of development, aging, and radiobiology is reviewed. These topics are interrelated via cellular and DNA repair processes especially in the context of oxidative stress and free-radical metabolism. The relevance of these research topics to problems in space biology is discussed and properties of the space environment are outlined. Exposure to the space-flight environment can induce rapid changes in living systems that are similar to changes occurring during aging; manipulation of these environmental parameters may represent an experimental strategy for studies of development and senescence. The current and future opportunities for such space-flight experimentation are presented.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Experimental Gerontology (ISSN 0531-5565); 26; 3-Feb; p. 299-309.
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  • 6
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    Radiation effects in Caenorhabditis elegans - Mutagenesis by high and low LET ionizing radiation (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The nematode C. elegans was used to measure the effectiveness of high-energy ionized particles in the induction of three types of genetic lesions. Recessive lethal mutations in a 40-map unit autosomal region, sterility, and X-chromosome nondisjunction or damage were investigated. Induction rates were measured as a function of linear energy transfer, LET(infinity), for nine ions of atomic nunmber 1-57 accelerated at the BEVALAC accelerator. Linear kinetics were observed for all three types of lesions within the dose/fluence ranges tested and were found to vary strongly as a function of particle LET(infinity). Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of up to 4.2 were measured, and action cross sections were calculated and compared to mutagenic responses in other systems.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Mutation Research (ISSN 0027-5107); 212; 181-192
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