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  • SPACE RADIATION  (10)
  • LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES  (1)
  • SPACE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (1)
  • Space Sciences (General)  (1)
  • 1
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    Observations of 35- 10 1600-keV protons and low-frequency waves upstream of interplanetary shocks (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The present investigation is concerned with a comparison of measurements of energetic protons in the range from 35 to 1600 keV and low-frequency waves (periods of approximately 6 s) on ISEE 3 associated with the passage of the large oblique shock of April 5, 1979, which exhibits an extended foreshock. An attempt is made to identify the energy of the particles which are responsible for the waves. Intensity profiles of both waves and particles as a function of upstream distance are compared, taking into account the relation between the energy of the particles and the period of the waves. The considered approach makes it possible to identify protons with energies of a few hundred keV as being responsible for the waves in the extended foreshock. It is believed that the high energy density of the high-energy solar flare protons preceding the shock could be responsible for 'seed' waves which provide the scattering centers necessary for the acceleration of the lower-energy protons via a first-order Fermi mechanism.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 3973-398
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The spacecraft 'fleet' to comet Halley - An introduction (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Questions related to the formation and the characteristics of comets are discussed, and it is suggested that an evolutionary link exists between comets, prebiotic organic synthesis, and the origin of life as it is known. Fundamental questions about the solar wind interaction with comets, are considered, giving attention to the ionization mechanisms in the different cometary regions, the presence of field-aligned currents, and the cometary plasma tail. It is pointed out that some of the questions will soon be answered when the NASA-ESA International Cometary Explorer (ICE) goes through the tail of Giacobini-Zinner in September 1985, and when a five spacecraft 'fleet' arrives at comet Halley in March 1986.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 66; 33
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  • 3
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    A statistical study of interplanetary shock associated proton intensity increases (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Large intensity increases of low-energy protons are frequently observed in connection with interplanetary forward shocks. Essentially two different particle acceleration mechanisms to explain these 'ESP events' are presently under discussion. To find out which is the dominant process for particle acceleration a large number of these events observed on ISEE-3 was analyzed. The events with the highest fluxes of 35-56 keV protons are associated with shocks which are quasi-parallel and originate close to the central meridian of the sun, and it is concluded that they are produced by a first order Fermi acceleration process.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 4
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    High time resolution observations of corotating interaction region proton events by Pioneer 11 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pioneer 11 high-time resolution, 1-min observations of energetic (about 1 MeV) proton events associated with the corotating interaction regions (CIR) are presented, together with pitch angle distributions and crude differential spectra in the energy range 0.6-3.4 MeV. The principal finding of the study is evidence for the persistent flow of protons with energies about 1 MeV away from CIR shocks. This evidence comes from the analysis of pitch angle distributions. The observations are found to be in good agreement with the hypothesis of local interplanetary shock acceleration.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: AD-A140415 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 37-46
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  • 5
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    Relativistic cosmic rays and corotating interaction regions (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The relationships between relativistic galactic cosmic ray intensity variations and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are examined. Times of CIRs overtaking the earth as indicated by Pioneer 10 and 11 plasma and field observations are compared with nucleonic intensities recorded at the Thule and McMurdo polar stations in a superposed epoch analysis, with the centers of the CIR as zero days. Results indicate a decrease in intensity around the zero days, as well as a maximum around the ninth day and a general upward trend from days -13 to 13. Further examination reveals the observed features to be present only for those CIR- associated streams in which a neutral sheet is embedded. In contrast, superposed epoch analysis of the geomagnetic Ap index with respect to CIR epochs reveals CIRs both with and without neutral sheets to produce geomagnetic storms, although the peak increase in Ap index is greater for neutral-sheet-associated CIRs. Results suggest that the CIRs modulate high-energy particle intensities by means of drifts related to neutral sheets, although diffusion effects cannot yet be ruled out.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 1
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  • 6
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    Acceleration of energetic protons by interplanetary shocks (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The University of Iowa instrument aboard Pioneer 11 detected 69 energetic proton events (EPE) (in the 0.6-3.4 MeV energy range) during 1973-1974 in the heliocentric radial range 1-5 AU. Sixty percent of the EPE peak within plus or minus 5 hours of a corotating interaction region (CIR) boundary, while 19% peak inside and 21% peak outside the interaction regions. Of the CIR boundaries at which an EPE peaks with plus or minus 5 hours, 80% have associated shocks. The observed intensities and pitch angle distributions of protons near shock fronts are consistent with a theoretical simulation of the acceleration of protons by a drift in the electric field at the shock front.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Dec. 1
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  • 7
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    Acceleration of greater than 47 keV ions and greater than 2 keV electrons by interplanetary shocks at 1 AU (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that collisionless shocks may be responsible for much of the particle acceleration which occurs in the interplanetary medium. The present investigation is concerned with the conditions for acceleration of particles by interplanetary shocks near 1 AU. Interplanetary shocks near 1 AU have large scale sizes, radii of curvature on the order of 1 AU, or about 1000 times the size of the earth's bow shock. At the considered heliocentric distance the shocks are primarily associated with solar flares and/or solar coronal transients. Observations of magnetic fields, solar wind plasma, and energetic ions and electrons from the ISEE 3 spacecraft are used to study the interplanetary shocks occurring in the period from launch in August 1978 through November 1979. Attention is given to the method of analysis, the determination of the normal to the shock, and energetic particle results.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1-11
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  • 8
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    Energetic particles of the outer regions of planetary magnetospheres (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High energy particles, with energies above those attainable by adiabatic or steady-state electric field acceleration, have been observed in and around the outer regions of planetary magnetospheres. Acceleration by large amplitude sporadic cross-tail electric fields over an order of magnitude greater than steady-state convection fields is proposed as a source of these particles. It is suggested that such explosive electric fields will occur intermittently in the vicinity of the tail neutral line in the expansive phase of substorms. Laboratory and satellite evidence are used to estimate this electric potential for substorms at earth; values of 500 kilovolts to 2 megavolts are calculated, in agreement with particle observations. It is further suggested that these particles, which have been accelerated in the night side magnetosphere, drift to the dayside on closed field lines, and under certain interplanetary conditions can escape to regions upstream of the bow shock.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-146582 , JPL-TM-33-766
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  • 9
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    On the acceleration of ions by interplanetary shock waves. 3: High time resolution observations of CIR proton events (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations within + or - 3 hours of corotating interaction region (CIR) shock waves of proton intensities, pitch angle distribution and crude differential energy spectra of the range of 0.6 E sub p 3.4 MeV are presented. The principle result is the evidence for the persistent flow of particles away from the shock. The observations are found to be in good agreement with the hypothesis of local interplanetary shock acceleration by the shock drift and compression mechanisms. The same set of observations strongly suggest that transit time damping does not play an important role in the acceleration of protons to 1 MeV in the immediate vicinity of CIR shocks.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-83914 , NAS 1.15:83914
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  • 10
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    Real-time ISEE data system (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A real-time ISEE data system directed toward predicting geomagnetic substorms and storms is discussed. Such a system may allow up to 60+ minutes advance warning of magnetospheric substorms and up to 30 minute warnings of geomagnetic storms (and other disturbances) induced by high-speed streams and solar flares. The proposed system utilizes existing capabilities of several agencies (NASA, NOAA, USAF), and thereby minimizes costs. This same concept may be applicable to data from other spacecraft, and other NASA centers; thus, each individual experimenter can receive quick-look data in real time at his or her base institution.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-162549 , LA-UR-79-1660 , CONF-790413-4 , Intern. Solar Predictions Workshop; Apr 23, 1979; Boulder
    Format: application/pdf
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