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  • stomata  (2)
  • Keywords: Allometry, Aucuba japonica, Critical size for flowering, Growth form, Pith, Shoot size  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in Shoot Size and Allometry between Two Evergreen Broad-Leaved Shrubs, Aucuba japonica Varieties in Two Contrasting Snowfall Habitats (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 113 (2000), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Keywords: Allometry, Aucuba japonica, Critical size for flowering, Growth form, Pith, Shoot size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aucuba japonica , an evergreen broad-leaved shrub. Aucuba Japonica var. borealis is widely distributed in heavy snowfall areas in Japan and is covered, shaded and physically pressured by snow for more than four months of the year. On the other hand, var. japonica is widely distributed in light snowfall areas. The sizes of new shoots and leaves were significantly different between the two varieties with different critical shoot sizes for flowering. The average new shoot dry mass of var. borealis was about one third of that of var. japonica. Despite the differences in growing conditions and shoot size, no significant differences were observed in the allometry of their shoot organs between the two varieties. Large new shoots had thicker and longer stems per biomass than small shoots because of their larger pith volume. The large shoots showed higher efficiency of stem growth per invested biomass and had a higher rate of annual height increase than small shoots. When the size of new shoot rapidly increased from year to year, i.e. the plants are growing well, initiation of flowering was postponed and vegetative growth continued. Small new shoots were tolerant of low productivity conditions but traded vertical growth for an increase in matter allocation to leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013942
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological tolerance of Camellia rusticana leaves to heavy snowfall environments: The effects of prolonged snow cover on evergreen leaves (1998)
    Springer
    Ecological research 13 (1998), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Camellia rusticana ; dark respiration ; Sea of Japan ; snow cover ; stomata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Camelliarusticana is an evergreen broad-leaved shrub found only in areas of heavy snowfall in Japan. The ecophysiological tolerance of this species to prolonged snow cover was studied in comparison with those of Camellia japonica found in areas of light snowfall. The shoots of C. rusticana and C. japonica were stored under a simulated snow cover for 1 year. During the experimental period, about 20% of the leaves of C. japonica defoliated after 90–140 days of storage and more than 80% of the leaves browned within 360 days. The proliferation of fungi was observed on all shoots of C. japonica after 200 days. In contrast, the leaves of C. rusticana showed no visible changes throughout the experimental period. The decline in the rate of soluble carbohydrate content in C. rusticana was about one-sixth of that in C.␣japonica. The photosynthetic capacity (O2 exchange rates at saturated light and CO2 at 20°C) of C.␣japonica dropped to about half its initial value after 140 days, while that of the C. rusticana did not change even after 360 days. Under dark conditions, the stomata of C. rusticana were always closed through the experiment, but those of C. japonica were not completely closed after 90 days. The differences in stomata characteristics and the consumption rate of soluble carbohydrates under snow-covered conditions between the two Camellia species are important factors for determining their habitat segregation by snow depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00251.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of stomatal response ofCamellia rusticana to a heavy snowfall environment: Winter drought and net photosynthesis (1996)
    Springer
    Ecological research 11 (1996), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Camellia rusticana ; snow cover ; Sea of Japan ; stomata ; winter drought
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The adaptation ofCamellia rusticana, an evergreen broad-leaved shrub found in areas of heavy snowfall in Japan, to heavy snowfall environments, and the mechanisms by which it is damaged in winter above the snow, were investigated. The stomatal response and photosynthetic characteristics ofC. rusticana were compared to those ofCamellia japonica found in areas of light snowfall. In field conditions, the mean net photosynthesis ofC. rusticana at photon flux density (PFD) over 200 μmol m−2s−1 (Pn(〉200). was 50% larger than that ofC. japonica, but in both light saturated and CO2 saturated conditions, the O2 evolution rate (Pc) ofC. rusticana was not different from that ofC. japonica. Mean leaf conductance at PFD over 200 μmol m−2s−1 (gl(〉200)) was about 100% larger than that ofC. japonica in the field. The Pn(〉200)) was 50% ratio ofC. rusticana was 37% higher than that ofC. japonica which suggests thatC. rusticana's larger Pn(〉200) can be explained by its larger gl(〉200). WhenC. rusticana trees wintering underneath the snow were projected above it, the leaves of these plants showed serious drought within five days in non-freezing conditions. Their Pc and the maximum stomatal conductance decreased by half and did not recover. The leaves ofC. rusticana showed larger gl(〉200) and a less sensitive stomatal response to the decrease of leaf water potential than that ofC. japonica. The stomata characteristics ofC. rusticana caused larger net photosynthesis than that ofC. japonica during the no snow period, and caused the need for snow cover in winter as protector from winter drought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347687
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