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  • heavy metals  (2)
  • Key words Composting  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon and nitrogen transformation during composting of sweet sorghum bagasse (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Composting ; Organic matter degradation ; Humification ; Nitrogen forms ; Sweet sorghum bagasse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two types of compost, consisting of sweet sorghum bagasse with either sewage sludge or a mixture of pig slurry and poultry manure, were studied in a pilot plant using the Rutgers system. The total degradation of the piles as determined by the weight loss of organic matter during the bio-oxidative and maturation phases accounted for 64% of the organic matter applied and followed a first-order kinetic function. Concentrations of total and organic N increased during the composting process as the degradation of organic C compounds reduced the compost weight. Losses of N through NH3 volatilization were low, particularly in the compost with sewage sludge due to pH values of 〈7.0 and the low temperatures reached in the compost during the first 2 weeks. The C:N ratio in the two composts decreased from 24.0 and 15.4 to values between 12 and 10. Increases in cation exchange capacity and in fulvic and humic acid-like C revealed that the organic matter had been humified during composting. The humification index, the C:N ratio, fulvic:humic acid-like C, and cation exchange capacity proved to be the most suitable parameters for assessing the maturity of these composts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384446
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the chemical changes in the rhizosphere of the nickel hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale with the non-accumulator Raphanus sativus (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 164 (1994), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: heavy metals ; hyperaccumulator plant ; pH ; redox potential ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Changes in pH and redox potential were studied in the rhizosphere soil of a nickel hyperaccumulator plant (Alyssum murale) and of a crop plant, radish (Raphanus sativus). Differences in rhizosphere pH and reducing activity were found between the lateral and the main roots of both species, but the pH changes in the rhizosphere were similar in both species. Changes in pH were associated with the relative uptakes of cations and anions; whether the concentrations of heavy metals in the growth medium did not have any effect on the rhizosphere pH. The source of nitrogen (ammonium or nitrate) was the major factor determining the pH of the rhizosphere of both species. The redox potential of the rhizosphere was influenced by both the N-source and the concentrations of heavy metals. When heavy metals were not present in the growth medium, and nitrate was the N-source, the reducing capacity of A. murale roots was enhanced. However, the reducing activity of A. murale was always smaller than that of radish. Therefore, the mechanism of metal solubilization by the hyperaccumulator plant does not involve either the reduction of pH in the rhizosphere or the release of reductants from roots. The acidification and reducing activity of the roots of A. murale was always smaller than that of R. sativus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010077
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pH and heavy metal concentrations in solution culture on the proton release, growth and elemental composition ofAlyssum murale andRaphanus sativus L. (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 166 (1994), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alyssum murale ; heavy metals ; hyperaccumulator plant ; metal tolerance ; pH ; proton release ; Raphanus sativus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The proton release by a species that can hyperaccumulate nickel (Alyssum murale) and by a non-accumulator (Raphanus sativus L.) was studied at different pH and heavy metal concentrations in solution culture. Both factors influenced the growth and composition of the plants.A. murale was more sensitive than radish to a decrease of pH from 7.0 to 6.0 in the growth medium; plant yield and proton production diminished with decreasing pH. However, yields and proton production of radish only decreased at pH 5.5. The differences in the amounts of protons produced between the hyperaccumulator species and radish were not large enough to conclude that decreasing pH in the rhizosphere ofA. murale is a mechanism for heavy metal solubilization. Nickel concentrations inA. murale followed the typical pattern of an accumulator plant — more Ni was accumulated in the shoots than in the roots. Lower concentrations of Zn and Cd occurred in the shoots than in roots ofA. murale, and also of Ni in radish. The concentrations of Co inA. murale shoots were increased when Zn, Ni and Cd were absent from the nutrient solution. However, Co concentrations in radish shoots were independent of the concentrations of other heavy metals in the growth medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185484
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