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  • Articles  (2)
  • Key words Carbon mineralization  (1)
  • Phospholipid fatty acids  (1)
  • Geosciences  (2)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (2)
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  • Articles  (2)
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  • Geosciences  (2)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (2)
  • Biology  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon mineralization and microbial activity in a field site trial used for 14C turnover experiments over a period of 30 years (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 294-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Carbon mineralization ; 14C ; Soil microbial biomass ; Manure amendment ; Long-term experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Long-term experiments on different crop management systems provide essential information about turnover of soil organic matter and changes in microbial properties over a period of time. A long-term field site trial, which was established in 1967 near Vienna, Austria, to document the fate of 14C-labelled manure (straw and farmyard) under different crop management systems (crop rotation, spring wheat and bare fallow), was investigated. Soil samples were taken in 1997 and separated into size fractions (〉250 μm, 250–63 μm, 63–2 μm, 2–0.1 μm and 〈0.1 μm) after aggregate dispersion using low-energy sonication. Organic C, total N and 14C content were measured in the bulk soil and the size fractions and microbial properties were analysed in the bulk soil. Additionally, C mineralization in bulk soil samples was monitored at 20 °C over a period of 28 days, and subsequently 14C-CO2 content was analysed. The distribution of organic C and N within the size fractions was similar between crop rotation and spring wheat; the highest amounts of organic C and N were found in the clay-sized fraction. The amounts of C and N were significantly smaller in the bare fallow, which was depleted of organic matter in the coarse-sized fractions. 14C distribution differed significantly from unlabelled C distribution, labelled C was accumulated in the silt-sized fraction, indicating weak humification of the applied manure C. The highest rate of C mineralization was measured in the crop rotation and spring wheat, whereas the emission rate of the bare fallow was about 40% lower. The higher 14C:C ratio of the bulk soil in comparison to the emitted CO2 indicated that labelled C compounds still remained mineralizable after a period of 30 years. Microbial properties showed a great difference between crop management systems and bare fallow, particularly regarding urease and xylanase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050659
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of the soil microbial community in microhabitats of a heavy metal polluted soil (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 390-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Keywords Soil microbial biomass ; Soil enzymes ; Particle-size fractions ; Heavy metals ; Phospholipid fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Particle-size fractionation of a heavy metal polluted soil was performed to study the influence of environmental pollution on microbial community structure, microbial biomass, microbial residues and enzyme activities in microhabitats of a Calcaric Phaeocem. In 1987, the soil was experimentally contaminated with four heavy metal loads: (1) uncontaminated controls; (2) light (300 ppm Zn, 100 ppm Cu, 50 ppm Ni, 50 ppm V and 3 ppm Cd); (3) medium; and (4) heavy pollution (two- and threefold the light load, respectively). After 10 years of exposure, the highest concentrations of microbial ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen were found in the clay (2–0.1 μm) and silt fractions (63–2 μm), and the lowest were found in the coarse sand fraction (2,000–250 μm). The phospholipid fatty acid analyses (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) separation of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that the microbial biomass within the clay fraction was predominantly due to soil bacteria. In contrast, a high percentage of fungal-derived PLFA 18 : 2ω6 was found in the coarse sand fraction. Bacterial residues such as muramic acid accumulated in the finer fractions in relation to fungal residues. The fractions also differed with respect to substrate utilization: Urease was located mainly in the 〈2 μm fraction, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase in the 2–63 μm fraction, and xylanase activity was equally distributed in all fractions. Heavy metal pollution significantly decreased the concentration of ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen of soil microorganisms in the silt and clay fraction and thus in the bulk soil. Soil enzyme activity was reduced significantly in all fractions subjected to heavy metal pollution in the order arylsulfatase 〉phosphatase 〉urease 〉xylanase. Heavy metal pollution did not markedly change the similarity pattern of the DGGE profiles and amino sugar concentrations. Therefore, microbial biomass and enzyme activities seem to be more sensitive than 16S rRNA gene fragments and microbial amino-sugar-N to heavy metal treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000268
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