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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Analytical continuation ; Isostasy ; Stokes' formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. This study deals with the external type of topographic–isostatic potential and gravity anomaly and its vertical derivatives, derived from the Airy/Heiskanen model for isostatic compensation. From the first and the second radial derivatives of the gravity anomaly the effect on the geoid is estimated for the downward continuation of gravity to sea level in the application of Stokes' formula. The major and regional effect is shown to be of order H 3 of the topography, and it is estimated to be negligible at sea level and modest for most mountains, but of the order of several metres for the highest and most extended mountain belts. Another, global, effect is of order H but much less significant
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 72 (1998), S. 64-70 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Vertical datums ; Unification ; GPS ; Geoid ; Fennoscandia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. The second Baltic Sea Level (BSL) GPS campaign was run for one week in June 1993. Data from 35 tide gauge sites and five fiducial stations were analysed, for three fiducial stations (Onsala, Metsähovi and Wettzell) fixed at the ITRF93 system. On a time-scale of 5 days, precision was several parts in 109 for the horizontal and vertical components. Accuracies were about 1 cm in comparison with the International GPS Geodynamical Service (IGS) coordinates in three directions. To connect the Swedish and the Finnish height systems, our numerical application utilises three approaches: a rigorous approach, a bias fit and a three-parameter fit. The results between the Swedish RH70 and the Finnish N 60 systems are estimated to −19.3 ± 6.5, −17 ± 6 and −15 ± 6 cm, respectively, by the three approaches. The results of the three indirect methods are in an agreement with those of a direct approach from levelling and gravity measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 362-366 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Atmospheric correction ; Atmospheric gravity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. The well-known International Association of Geodesy (IAG) approach to the atmospheric geoid correction in connection with Stokes' integral formula leads to a very significant bias, of the order of 3.2 m, if Stokes' integral is truncated to a limited region around the computation point. The derived truncation error can be used to correct old results. For future applications a new strategy is recommended, where the total atmospheric geoid correction is estimated as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. This strategy implies computational gains as it avoids the correction of direct effect for each gravity observation, and it does not suffer from the truncation bias mentioned above. It can also easily be used to add the atmospheric correction to old geoid estimates, where this correction was omitted. In contrast to the terrain correction, it is shown that the atmospheric geoid correction is mainly of order H of terrain elevation, while the term of order H 2 is within a few millimetres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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