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  • Articles  (15)
  • Prebiotic  (15)
  • Polymerization  (3)
  • Isomer ratios  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triple helices formed by polyuridylic acid with some adenosine derivatives (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 5 (1975), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Polyuridylic Acid ; Triple-Helix Formation ; Melting Temperatures ; Nucleoside Phosphoramidates ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have prepared a variety of derivatives of adenosine which, at neutral pH's, carry protonated amine functions. These derivatives form stable helical structures with polyuridylic acid, but the melting points are not substantially higher than those of helical complexes formed by adenosine derivatives lacking cationic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of nucleotide analogues I: Reaction of nucleoside 5′-phosphorimidazolides with 2′-amino-2′-deoxyuridine (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 7 (1976), S. 253-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: 2′-Amino-2′-Deoxyuridine ; 2′-Amino-2′-Deoxyuridine 5′-Phosphor-imidazolide ; Polycondensation ; Nucleotide Analogues ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 2′-Amino-2′-deoxyuridine reacts efficiently with nucleoside 5′-phosphorimidazolides in aqueous solution. The dinucleoside monophosphate analogues were obtained in yields exceeding 80% under conditions in which little reaction occurs with the natural nucleosides. In a similar way, the 5′-phosphorimidazolide of 2′-amino-2′-deoxyuridine undergoes self-condensation in aqueous solution to give a complex mixture of oligomers. The phosphoramidate bond in the dinucleoside monophosphate analogues is stable for several days at room temperature and pH 7. The mechanisms of their hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743625
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in prebiotic synthesis. VII (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 1 (1972), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Prebiotic ; Nucleosides ; Dry-phase ; Seawater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The purine nucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, inosine, xanthosine) are formed when the corresponding purine bases and D-ribose are heated together in the presence of certain salts and minerals. The salts remaining after the evaporation of seawater are particularly effective in these syntheses. The relevance of these reactions for prebiological evolution is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660244
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of P1, P2-dinucleoside 5′-pyrophosphates under potentially prebiological conditions (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 11 (1978), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: P1, P2-Dinucleoside 5′-Pyrophosphates ; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Organic pyrophosphates such as UppA and NAD are formed when a solution containing a nucleotide, a nucleoside 5′-polyphosphate, Mg2+ and imidazole are allowed to dry out. We suggest that this synthesis may have occured concurrently with oligonucleotide formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01768021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Template-directed synthesis and selective adsorption of oligoadenylates on hydroxyapatite (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Adenosine 5′-phosphorimidazolide ; Template-directed condensation ; Oligoadenylates ; Adsorption ; Hydroxyapatite ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polyuridylic acid is adsorbed completely from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite under conditions that permit template-directed synthesis of oligoadenylates in free solution. The yield of oligoadenylates is enhanced to almost the same extent by poly(U) in the presence or the absence of hydroxyapatite. Under very similar conditions small quantities of hydroxyapatite adsorb higher molecular-weight oligoadenylates selectively from a mixture of oligomers. On the basis of these results we propose a mechanism for prebiotic oligonucleotide formation in which selective adsorption on hydroxyapatite or some other immobilized anion-exchanging material plays a major role. Monomers are released from the surface for reactivation, while oligomers are retained in a protected environment by adsorption to the apatite surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733141
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of high molecular weight material from the polymerization of adenosine cyclic 2′, 3′-phosphate (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 3 (1974), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Adenosine Cyclic 2′, 3′-Phosphate ; Polymerization ; 1, 2-Diaminoethane ; Oligonucleotides ; Prebiotic ; Gel Permeation ; Ion Exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adenosine cyclic 2′, 3′-phosphate has been polymerized at room temperature in the dry state using 1, 2-diaminoethane at alkaline pH as catalyst. The high molecular weight products have been analyzed by several different methods, including ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography and phosphate end-group analysis. Gel permeation chromatography showed that between 3.6% and 8.1% of material higher than the hexamer was formed in 3-, 15- and 40-day reactions. The material from a large-scale, 3-day reaction mixture was first fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the highest molecular weight material then further fractionated by gel permeation chromatography. End-group analysis on the fractions obtained by this procedure showed that 0.67% of the total reaction mixture was polymer with an average chainlength of 13.4; a trace (0.15%) of higher polymer was also formed, but there was insufficient to determine its average chainlength. The prebiological relevance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796557
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the possible role of crystals in the origins of life (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 3 (1974), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Clay ; Montmorillonite ; Phosphoramidates ; Polymerization ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nucleoside phosphoramidates derived from polyamines containing at least three amine groups are strongly adsorbed by sodium and magnesium montmorillonite clays even from very dilute solutions. Heating the dried clay-phosphoramidate mixture results in the production of small amounts of the dinucleotides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796559
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysts for the self-polymerization of adenosine cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1973), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Phosphorylation ; Adenosine Cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate ; Oligonucleotides ; Amines ; 2-Aminoethanol ; Amino Acids ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When adenosine cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate is evaporated from solution in the presence of simple catalysts such as aliphatic diamines at alkaline pH, and maintained in a dry state at moderate temperatures (25-85°C), self-polymerization to give oligonucleotides of chainlength up to at least 6 is observed. The products contain an excess of [3′→5′]-linkages over [2′→5′]-linkages. The effects of different catalysts and reaction conditions on the efficiency of the reaction are described. The prebiological relevance of these reactions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654098
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Template-directed synthesis of oligoadenylates catalyzed by Pb2+ ions (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 13 (1979), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Adenosine 5′-phosphorimidazolide ; Oligoadenylates ; Poly(U)-directed condensation ; Pb2+ ion catalysis ; Isomer ratios ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Pb2+ ion is an effective catalyst for the template-directed condensation of ImpA on poly(U). This reaction generates up to 35% of oligomers 5 or more units long. Furthermore, the product is predominantly 3′–5′-linked (75%) unlike that from the uncatalyzed reaction which is more than 90% 2′–5′-linked. The significance of metal-ion catalysis for prebiotic polynucleotide formation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of oligoguanylates on oligocytidylate templates (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 17 (1981), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Oligocytidylates ; Template-directed Condensation ; Pb2+ Catalysis ; Zn2+ Catalysis ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Short oligocytidylates can act as templates for the self-condensation of guanosine 5′-phosphorimidazolide. In the absence of a catalytic metal ion or in the presence of Pb2+ a noticeable template effect is already observed with the dimer and the yield of long oligomers reaches a plateau with a hexamer template. Short templates give oligomers longers than the template length. The products are predominantly 2′-5′ linked for the Pb2+-catalyzed reaction while mixed linkages are observed in the uncatalyzed reaction. In the presence of Zn2+, a template effect is first observed with the pentamer and is maximal by the heptamer. The products are predominantly 3′-5′ linked. Oligomers shorter than or as long as the template are obtained in substantial yield, and longer products in much lower yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01795751
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