Publication Date:
2005-12-03
Description:
Subcellular compartments have unique protein compositions, yet protein synthesis only occurs in the cytosol and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. How do proteins get where they need to go? The first steps are targeting to an organelle and efficient translocation across its limiting membrane. Given that most transport systems are exquisitely substrate specific, how are diverse protein sequences recognized for translocation? Are they translocated as linear polypeptide chains or after folding? During translocation, how are diverse amino acyl side chains accommodated? What are the proteins and the lipid environment that catalyze transport and couple it to energy? How is translocation coordinated with protein synthesis and folding, and how are partially translocated transmembrane proteins released into the lipid bilayer? We review here the marked progress of the past 35 years and salient questions for future work. Subcellular compartments have unique protein compositions, yet protein synthesis only occurs in the cytosol and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. How do proteins get where they need to go? The first steps are targeting to an organelle and efficient translocation across its limiting membrane. Given that most transport systems are exquisitely substrate specific, how are diverse protein sequences recognized for translocation? Are they translocated as linear polypeptide chains or after folding? During translocation, how are diverse amino acyl side chains accommodated? What are the proteins and the lipid environment that catalyze transport and couple it to energy? How is translocation coordinated with protein synthesis and folding, and how are partially translocated transmembrane proteins released into the lipid bilayer? We review here the marked progress of the past 35 years and salient questions for future work.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickner, William -- Schekman, Randy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1452-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, NH 03755-3844, USA. Bill.Wickner@Dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16322447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Carrier Proteins/metabolism
;
Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
;
Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism
;
Mitochondria/metabolism
;
Peroxisomes/metabolism
;
Protein Biosynthesis
;
Protein Folding
;
*Protein Transport
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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