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  • 1
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    Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: Herbivore attack is known to increase the emission of volatiles, which attract predators to herbivore-damaged plants in the laboratory and agricultural systems. We quantified volatile emissions from Nicotiana attenuata plants growing in natural populations during attack by three species of leaf-feeding herbivores and mimicked the release of five commonly emitted volatiles individually. Three compounds (cis-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, and cis-alpha-bergamotene) increased egg predation rates by a generalist predator; linalool and the complete blend decreased lepidopteran oviposition rates. As a consequence, a plant could reduce the number of herbivores by more than 90% by releasing volatiles. These results confirm that indirect defenses can operate in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, A -- Baldwin, I T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2141-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beetles/physiology ; Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Heteroptera/physiology ; Hexanols/metabolism/pharmacology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insects/*physiology ; Manduca/physiology ; *Monoterpenes ; Organic Chemicals/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Oviposition/drug effects ; *Plants, Toxic ; Terpenes/metabolism/pharmacology ; Tobacco/*metabolism/*parasitology ; Volatilization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The safety of foods developed by biotechnology (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, D A -- Taylor, M R -- Maryanski, J H -- Flamm, E L -- Kahl, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1747-9, 1832.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD 20857.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1615315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biotechnology ; *Consumer Product Safety ; Food/*adverse effects ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Silencing the jasmonate cascade: induced plant defenses and insect populations (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, to silence its lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase, and allene oxide synthase genes in order to inhibit oxylipin signaling, known to mediate the plant's direct and indirect defenses. When planted into native habitats, lipoxygenase-deficient plants were more vulnerable to N. attenuata's adapted herbivores but also attracted novel herbivore species, which fed and reproduced successfully. In addition to highlighting the value of genetically silencing plants to study ecological interactions in nature, these results show that lipoxygenase-dependent signaling determines host selection for opportunistic herbivores and that induced defenses influence herbivore community composition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, Andre -- Halitschke, Rayko -- Baldwin, Ian T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):665-8. Epub 2004 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, Jena 07745, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Beetles/physiology ; Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; Hemiptera/physiology ; Hexobarbital/metabolism ; Insects/*physiology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipoxygenase/genetics/*metabolism ; Manduca/physiology ; Nicotine/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oviposition ; Oxylipins ; Signal Transduction ; Terpenes/metabolism ; Tobacco/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Food safety: revising the statute (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: There is increasing recognition that federal food safety laws and policies need to be revised. Congressional debate on proposed amendments to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act has generated several different perspectives on how the food safety laws should be changed. Before a consensus can be reached, scientists, regulators, the food industry, and consumers will have to review such complex and controversial issues as the level of acceptable risk, the value of risk-benefit analysis, the proper role of independent scientific review, and the reliability of quantitative risk assessment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1034-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens ; Food Additives ; Food Analysis ; Food Coloring Agents ; Food Contamination ; Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food/trends ; Pesticide Residues ; Risk ; Safety ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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