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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the assessment of root and soil respiration for soils of different textures: interactions with soil moisture contents and soil CO2 concentrations (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 227 (2000), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: citrus ; Citrus volkameriana ; root respiration ; soil CO2 efflux ; soil CO2 concentration ; soil water relations ; Volkamer lemon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Estimates of root and soil respiration are becoming increasingly important in agricultural and ecological research, but there is little understanding how soil texture and water content may affect these estimates. We examined the effects of soil texture on (i) estimated rates of root and soil respiration and (ii) soil CO2 concentrations, during cycles of soil wetting and drying in the citrus rootstock, Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.). Plants were grown in soil columns filled with three different soil mixtures varying in their sand, silt and clay content. Root and soil respiration rates, soil water content, plant water uptake and soil CO2 concentrations were measured and dynamic relationships among these variables were developed for each soil texture treatment. We found that although the different soil textures differed in their plant-soil water relations characteristics, plant growth was only slightly affected. Root and soil respiration rates were similar under most soil moisture conditions for soils varying widely in percentages of sand, silt and clay. Only following irrigation did CO2 efflux from the soil surface vary among soils. That is, efflux of CO2 from the soil surface was much more restricted after watering (therefore rendering any respiration measurements inaccurate) in finer textured soils than in sandy soils because of reduced porosity in the finer textured soils. Accordingly, CO2 reached and maintained the highest concentrations in finer textured soils (〉 40 mmol CO2 mol−1). This study revealed that changes in soil moisture can affect interpretations of root and soil measurements based on CO2 efflux, particularly in fine textured soils. The implications of the present findings for field soil CO2 flux measurements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026502414977
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating respiration of roots in soil: Interactions with soil CO2, soil temperature and soil water content (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 195 (1997), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: citrus ; Citrus volkameriana Tan. & Pasq. ; CO2-diffusion gradient ; root respiration ; soil CO2 concentration ; Volkamer lemon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Little information is available on the variability of the dynamics of the actual and observed root respiration rate in relation to abiotic factors. In this study, we describe I) interactions between soil CO2 concentration, temperature, soil water content and root respiration, and II) the effect of short-term fluctuations of these three environmental factors on the relation between actual and observed root respiration rates. We designed an automated, open, gas-exchange system that allows continuous measurements on 12 chambers with intact roots in soil. By using three distinct chamber designs with each a different path for the air flow, we were able to measure root respiration over a 50-fold range of soil CO2 concentrations (400 to 25000 ppm) and to separate the effect of irrigation on observed vs. actual root respiration rate. All respiration measurements were made on one-year-old citrus seedlings in sterilized sandy soil with minimal organic material. Root respiration was strongly affected by diurnal fluctuations in temperature (Q10 = 2), which agrees well with the literature. In contrast to earlier findings for Douglas-fir (Qi et al., 1994), root respiration rates of citrus were not affected by soil CO2 concentrations (400 to 25000 ppm CO2; pH around 6). Soil CO2 was strongly affected by soil water content but not by respiration measurements, unless the air flow for root respiration measurements was directed through the soil. The latter method of measuring root respiration reduced soil CO2 concentration to that of incoming air. Irrigation caused a temporary reduction in CO2 diffusion, decreasing the observed respiration rates obtained by techniques that depended on diffusion. This apparent drop in respiration rate did not occur if the air flow was directed through the soil. Our dynamic data are used to indicate the optimal method of measuring root respiration in soil, in relation to the objectives and limitations of the experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004278421334
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  • 3
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    Cholera dynamics and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-08
    Description: Analysis of a monthly 18-year cholera time series from Bangladesh shows that the temporal variability of cholera exhibits an interannual component at the dominant frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Results from nonlinear time series analysis support a role for both ENSO and previous disease levels in the dynamics of cholera. Cholera patterns are linked to the previously described changes in the atmospheric circulation of south Asia and, consistent with these changes, to regional temperature anomalies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascual, M -- Rodo, X -- Ellner, S P -- Colwell, R -- Bouma, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1766-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Suite 236, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. mercedes@pampero.umbi.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Cholera/*epidemiology/transmission ; *Climate ; Endemic Diseases ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Models, Statistical ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Seasons ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Temperature ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Altitudinal changes in malaria incidence in highlands of Ethiopia and Colombia (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: The impact of global warming on insect-borne diseases and on highland malaria in particular remains controversial. Temperature is known to influence transmission intensity through its effects on the population growth of the mosquito vector and on pathogen development within the vector. Spatiotemporal data at a regional scale in highlands of Colombia and Ethiopia supplied an opportunity to examine how the spatial distribution of the disease changes with the interannual variability of temperature. We provide evidence for an increase in the altitude of malaria distribution in warmer years, which implies that climate change will, without mitigation, result in an increase of the malaria burden in the densely populated highlands of Africa and South America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siraj, A S -- Santos-Vega, M -- Bouma, M J -- Yadeta, D -- Ruiz Carrascal, D -- Pascual, M -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1154-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1244325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Denver, 235 Boettcher West, 2050 East Iliff Avenue Denver, CO 80208-0710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Colombia/epidemiology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malaria, Falciparum/*epidemiology ; *Plasmodium falciparum ; Population Density ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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