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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (16)
  • 1
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    An FIR cooled grating spectrometer for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The design and performance of a liquid-He-cooled spectrometer being developed for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) to study FIR lines originating in the interstellar medium are discussed. Currently, the spectrometer contains six Ge:Ga photoconductor detectors mounted in integrating cavities and cooled to about 3 K; the collimator focal plane has space for 39 such detectors. The instrument achieves a maximum resolving power of 6000 by means of a 45-cm long echelle grating and is optically capable of operating in the spectral range 25-300 microns. A laboratory spectrum of water vapor, an atmospheric water absorption feature measured from the KAO with Mars as a source, and the forbidden O(2+) emission from W51-IRS1 are shown.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Infrared Physics (ISSN 0020-0891); 25; 513-515
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Errors in Hadamard spectroscopy or imaging caused by imperfect masks (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis is given of the errors in Hadamard spectroscopy that are caused by transparent slits in the mask being systematically wider or narrower than they should be. It is shown that if the input spectrum consists of a single line, the distorted spectrum that is actually calculated consists of this line plus four small blips. When the transparent slits are too wide, these blips are of equal height and the same sign with one pair surrounding the line and another pair 5isplaced a certain distance from it. When the slits are too narrow, the displaced blips have the same amplitude, but are negative. The response to an arbitrary input spectrum is then determined from this. The same method of analysis may also be used to handle other types of errors.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 14; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    All-aluminum optical system for a large cryogenically cooled far infrared echelle spectrometer (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In the past few years, NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) has made it possible to conduct pioneering observations of far infrared lines from astronomical sources. Such observations, in the case of wavelengths in the approximate range from 20 to 350 microns, cannot be performed from ground-based sites, because of telluric water absorption effects. Lines in the considered range provide information about the interstellar gas in molecular, neutral atomic, and ionized form of occurrence. The present paper provides a description of the development of the cryogenic optical system of a spectrometer designed to exploit the potential of the KAO for observing the far infrared lines. Attention is given to design goals and considerations, details of optical design, the fabrication of the optical system, the cryostat, and performance.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 4
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    Monochromator-interferometer combination for submillimeter astronomical spectrometry from aircraft (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A simple interferometer placed in front of a liquid helium cooled grating instrument was constructed; a spectral resolution of not less than 0.1/cm in the wavelength range of 64/cm (157 microns) was attained during observations from the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Spectra obtained on the planetary nebula NGC 7027 are shown.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Nov. 1
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  • 5
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    Fourier and Hadamard transform spectrometers - A limited comparison. II (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A mathematical approach was used to compare interferometric spectrometers and Hadamard transform spectrometers. The principle results are reported, noting that the simple Hadamard spectrometer encodes more efficiently than a Michelson interferometer which, in turn, encodes less efficiently than is usually acknowledged. Hirschfeld's (1977) major objections to these findings are discussed, although it is noted that none of his objections is supported by evidence.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 16; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Doubly multiplexing dispersive spectrometer. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Description of a spectrometer that incorporates 19 entrances and 19 exit slots. The instrument's dual capability to perform either one-dimensional imaging or alternately to give a spectrum with a high SNR over the entire source is shown. The instrument operates in the Littrow mode at f/8. The slot width and length for each mask are 0.625 and 3.5 mm, respectively, giving a total aperture length of 12.1 mm. The corresponding resolving power at 1.7 microns is 230.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 7
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    Practical multi-spectrum Hadamard transform spectrometer (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Specifications of a new Hadamard transform spectrometer for infrared astronomical applications are presented. The instrument has 15 entrance slits and 255 exit slits. Data can be gathered at the rate of up to five readings per second so that the entire spectral run lasts some thirteen minutes. The data is processed in real time by a minicomputer. At the end of the thirteen minute run the spectrum is available for immediate viewing on a CRT display. The spectra can be punched and stored on paper tape for later processing.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 14; Oct. 197
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  • 8
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    Development and evaluation of a Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer and a Hadamard transform thermal imager (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A spectrometric imager and a thermal imager, which achieve multiplexing by the use of binary optical encoding masks, were developed. The masks are based on orthogonal, pseudorandom digital codes derived from Hadamard matrices. Spatial and/or spectral data is obtained in the form of a Hadamard transform of the spatial and/or spectral scene; computer algorithms are then used to decode the data and reconstruct images of the original scene. The hardware, algorithms and processing/display facility are described. A number of spatial and spatial/spectral images are presented. The achievement of a signal-to-noise improvement due to the signal multiplexing was also demonstrated. An analysis of the results indicates both the situations for which the multiplex advantage may be gained, and the limitations of the technique. A number of potential applications of the spectrometric imager are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-145036 , ASE-3851
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    A practical multi-spectrum Hadamard Transform Spectrometer (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A Hadamard Transform Spectrometer (HTS) which simultaneously obtains fifteen infrared spectra, each having 255 spectral elements was constructed. Spectra are obtained essentially in real time through use of a minicomputer with 8K words of memory and a CRT display. This permits operation of the instrument in the field.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-142649
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  • 10
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    Errors in Hadamard spectroscopy or imaging caused by imperfect masks (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analysis is given of the errors in Hadamard spectroscopy that are caused by transparent slits in the mask being systematically wider or else narrower than they should be. It is shown that if the input spectrum consists of a single line, the distorted spectrum that is actually calculated consists of this line, plus four small blips. When the transparent slits are too wide, these blips are of equal height and the same sign, one pair surrounding the line, and another pair displaced a certain distance from it. When the slits are too narrow, the displaced blips have the same amplitude but are negative.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-142932
    Format: application/pdf
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