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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (7)
  • 1
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    Bragg crystal spectrometer for HEAO-B X-ray astronomy experiment (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The X-ray astronomy experiment for the HEAO mission is described. The instrument to be flown on the satellite consists of two Bragg crystal spectrometers designed to make measurements with high spectral resolution in the energy range from 0.1 to 10 keV. No sharp spectroscopic features were detected directly in X-ray astronomy except emission lines in the sun; therefore, the objectives and design criteria of this instrument are based on the theoretical models of the different types of extra solar X-ray sources. From the point of view of instrumental techniques it is convenient to divide these into point or stellar sources, whose radiation is parallel, and diffuse sources, and to consider the possible spectral features in each type.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO X-Ray Astronomy in the Near Future; p 155-162
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Fiber optics for astronomical spectroscopy - The Medusa Spectrograph (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An instrument has been built to obtain simultaneous spectra of 32 objects in the field of view of the Steward Observatory 2.3 m telescope. Short lengths of optical fiber are used to bring light from galaxy images at the focus of the telescope into a line at the spectrograph slit. This multi-fiber aperture plate instrument has been dubbed the Medusa Spectrograph. The Medusa is now producing spectra of about 100 galaxies per clear night. An optimized version of the instrument called the MX Spectrometer is being constructed to record spectra at a higher rate. This new instrument will have remotely positioned fibers under computer control. A Charge Coupled Device will be used as the spectrograph detector to allow sky subtraction, give increased dynamic range and provide more accurate wavelength calibration. Transmission characteristics of some commercial fibers are discussed, and the microlens optics used to match the telescope and the spectrograph to the fibers to avoid focal ratio degradation are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 3
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    A large-area lithium-fluoride Bragg spectrometer for stellar X-ray astronomy (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A large-area Bragg spectrometer used to search for the Fe XXV X-ray emission lines of Sco X-1 is described. The device has 3400 sq cm of LiF on nine crystal panels aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rocket. X rays satisfying the Bragg condition reflect into an array of nine companion proportional counters. A pointing system incorporating a free gyroscope with 2 degrees of freedom assures that target X rays are reflected at the required angle and produces repeated spectral scans of the X-ray continuum, which are later superimposed to correct temporal effects. The instrument is capable of detecting a narrow line flux from Sco X-1 of about .01 photons/sq cm/sec.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 126; 1975
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  • 4
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    Multiple object fiber optic spectroscopy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona employs short optical fiber lengths to bring light from galaxy images at the 2.3 m telescope's focus to a line along a spectrograph slit, thereby obtaining simultaneous spectra of many objects of the field of view. After describing this instrument, attention is given to the development of an improved version through which efficiency gains will be obtained by remotely positioning the fibers under computer control and by correctly matching fiber outputs to the spectrograph optics. A CCD will replace the presently employed image tube and photographic plate detector system, in order to permit sky subtraction, yield increased dynamic range, and provide more accurate wavelength calibration due to the detector's fixed format.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy IV; Fourth Conference; Mar 08, 1982 - Mar 10, 1982; Tucson, AZ
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  • 5
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    Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) calibration (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) designed for use with The Space Telescope (ST), is currently preparing for instrument assembly, integration, alignment, and calibration. Nearly all optical and detector elements have been completed and calibrated, and selection of flight detectors and all but a few optical elements has been made. Calibration results for the flight detectors and optics are presented, and plans for forthcoming system calibration are briefly described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy IV; Fourth Conference; Mar 08, 1982 - Mar 10, 1982; Tucson, AZ
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  • 6
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    A focusing collector for long wavelength X-ray astronomy. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Rocket studies of the low-energy X-ray sky conducted so far suffer from serious experimental problems. Therefore, an apparatus was design ed to overcome the outstanding experimental problems. The instrument developed was successfully flown in an Aerobee-170 rocket. The new device utilizes a grazing incidence paraboloid as an energy concentrator and low-pass filter. The effective bandpass of the instrument from 100 to 280 eV is determined by the combination of the counter window transmission and the mirror reflectivity.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AD-736551 , AFOSR-72-0288TR , New techniques in space astronomy; Symposium; Aug 10, 1970 - Aug 14, 1970; Munich
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  • 7
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    A Bragg spectrometer for stellar X-ray astronomy. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Poor energy resolution and the steeply varying continuum spectrum make it impossible to obtain with proportional counters an unambiguous identification of certain emission features of Sco X-1. For this reason a Bragg crystal spectrometer was constructed. The instrument, flown successfully aboard an Aerobee-170 rocket, scanned the spectral range from 2.4 to 2.9 keV. The spectrometer consists of two large reflecting crystals of synthetic graphite. The results obtained during the flight of the instrument clearly indicate that the Bragg method can yield much higher sensitivity to line emission than can proportional counter methods.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AD-736552 , AFOSR-72-0289TR , New techniques in space astronomy; Symposium; Aug 10, 1970 - Aug 14, 1970; Munich
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