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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (59)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (29)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and dielectric analysis of aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s based on 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl) butane (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2809-2816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,4-bis((3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)butane ; polycarbonate ; poly(carbonatesulfone) ; liquid crystalline ; dipole-dipole interaction ; dielectric constant ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High molecular weight aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone) homopolymer (PC-343) and random copolymer (PC-343-10) were synthesized from 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)butane (Diol-343) and a 1/1 molar mixture of Diol-343 and 1,10-decanediol, respectively. As a comparison, an aliphatic polycarbonate homopolymer (PC-10) was prepared from 1,10-decanediol. While PC-10 exhibited a single melting peak during its DSC heating scan, both PC-343 and PC-343-10 exhibited multiple reproducible first-order transitions during DSC heating scans. Both PC-343 and PC-343-10 showed broad reflections in their WAXD diagrams; the crystalline order of PC-343 is higher than that of PC-343-10. Based on the DSC and WAXD results and our discovery on the liquid crystalline behavior of aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s from 1,3-bis(hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane, we suggest PC-343 and PC-343-10 are liquid crystalline and the liquid crystalline phase formation is directed by the dipole-dipole interactions between sulfone groups. Films were obtained from these polymers by compression molding and dielectric analyses were conducted on them. One glass transition related dielectric relaxation was observed in PC-343-10. One glass transition related dielectric relaxation and one sub-glass transition related dielectric relaxation were observed in PC-343. The glass transition temperature increases with the increase of sulfone content in the polymers. A dramatic rise in dielectric constant with temperature was observed in PC-343 and PC-343-10 at low frequencies, which is probably due to the sulfone dipole interaction with the electrical field. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321502
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxyethylene copolymers with chloromethyl and (alkylthio)methyl or (alkylsulfonyl)methyl side groups: Syntheses and Tg/composition relationships (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 495-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: copolymer ; glass transition temperature ; Fox equation ; sulfone ; thioether ; oxyethylene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New classes of copolymers, poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene]/poly[oxy-((alkylthio)methyl)ethylene] copolymers (CE-ATEs), poly[oxy((alkylthio)methyl)-ethylene]s (ATEs), poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene]/poly[oxy((alkylsulfonyl)meth-yl)ethylene] copolymers (CE-ASEs), and poly[oxy((alkylsulfonyl)methyl)ethylene]s (ASEs) have been made for the first time. The thioether-containing polymers (CE-ATEs and ATEs) were synthesized by reacting poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene] (CE, poly(epichlorohydrin)) with different amounts of sodium alkanethiolates. The sulfone-containing polymers (CE-ASEs and ASEs) were synthesized by oxidizing the CE-ATEs and ATEs using m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The Fox equation, a linear relationship, fit the Tg/composition data for most CE-ATEs. The Tg's of the CE-ASEs showed positive deviations from those calculated using the Fox equation. The Johnston equation, in which steric and/or polar interactions between dissimilar monomeric units are considered by using TgAB (the Tg of the AB or BA dyad), fit the Tg/composition data for all copolymers in this study. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 495-504, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(ester-sulfone)s (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1351-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane ; 1,4-bis(3-hydroxysulfonyl)butane ; polyesters ; poly(ester-sulfone) ; liquid crystalline ; glass transition ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatic and aromatic-aliphatic poly(ester-sulfone)s were synthesized by the transesterifications of diphenyl adipate and diphenyl phthalates (ortho, meta, para) with two sulfonecontaining diols, 1,3-bis (3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl) propane (Diol-333) and 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl) butane (Diol-343). Based on DSC and WAXD studies, the aliphatic homopoly(ester-sulfone)s are semicrystalline at room temperature and liquid crystalline at elevated temperature, while their copolymers with alkanediols are liquid crystalline. The liquid crystalline phase formation in aliphatic poly(ester-sulfone)s is attributed to the strong dipole-dipole interactions between sulfone groups. The aromatic-aliphatic poly(estersulfone)s from diphenyl phthalate (ortho) and isophthalate (meta) are amorphous. They are soluble in trifluoroacetic acid and m-cresol at room temperature, and DMF, DMAC, and DMSO at elevated temperature. The aromatic-aliphatic poly(ester-sulfone)s from diphenyl terephthalate are semicrystalline and are soluble only in trifluoroacetic acid. For a given diol, the glass transition temperatures of aromatic-aliphatic poly(ester-sulfone)s increase from phthalate to isophthalate to terephthalate. This is because the flexibility of the benzene ring in the polymer backbone decreases from ortho to meta to para substitution. As a comparison, polyesters without sulfone groups were synthesized from two alkanediols, 1,9-nonanediol and 1,10-decanediol, and the diphenyl esters. The poly(ester-sulfone)s have glass transition temperatures 60-80°C higher than the corresponding polyesters without sulfone groups, due to the strong dipolar interactions between sulfone groups. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320716
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(urethane-sulfone)s (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1531-1537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,3-bis(3 hydroxy propyl sulfonyl)propane ; 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropyl sulfonyl)butane ; 1,3-propane dithiol ; 1,4-butane dithiol ; poly(urethane) ; poly sulfone ; methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) ; toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ; hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) ; melt temperature ; glass transition temperature ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eight poly(urethane-sulfone)s were synthesized from two sulfone-containing diols, 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane (Diol-333) and 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)butane (Diol-343), and three diisocyanates, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and tolylene diisocyanate (TDI, 2,4- 80%; 2,6-20%). As a comparison, eight polyurethanes were also synthesized from two alkanediols, 1,9-nonanediol and 1,10-decanediol, and three diisocyanates. Diol-333 and Diol-343 were prepared by the addition of 1,3-propanedithiol or 1,4-butanedithiol to allyl alcohol and subsequent oxidation of the resulting sulfide-containing diols. The homopoly(urethanesulfone)s from HMDI and MDI are semicrystalline, and are soluble in m-cresol and hot DMF, DMAC, and DMSO. The copoly(urethane-sulfone)s from a 1/1 molar ratio mixture of Diol-333 and Diol-343 with HMDI or MDI have lower crystallinity and better solubility than the corresponding homopoly(urethane-sulfone)s. The poly(urethane-sulfone)s from TDI are amorphous, and are readily soluble in m-cresol, DMF, DMAC, and DMSO at room temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry data showed that poly(urethane-sulfone)s have higher glass transition temperatures and melting points than the corresponding polyurethanes without sulfone groups. The rise in glass transition temperature is 20-25°C while the rise in melting temperature is 46-71°C. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320813
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perfectly alternating segmented polyimide-polydimethyl siloxane copolymers via transimidization (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2663-2675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyimides ; polyimide synthesis ; transimidization route ; imide siloxane copolymers ; perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymer ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New strategies for the synthesis of perfectly alternating segmented polyimide-polydimethyl siloxane copolymers were developed by utilizing a transimidization method. Imide oligomers endcapped with 2-aminopyrimidine were reacted with aminopropyl terminated (dimethyl siloxane) oligomers to afford perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers. The polymerization was conducted in solvents such as chlorobenzene and chlorofrom. High molecular weight, fully imidized perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers were obtained within 2 h at temperatures of 60-110°C. The mechanism of the reaction was further elucidated via model compounds and NMR characterization. The block copolymers exhibited two Tgs due to the microphase separation of the polyimide and polysiloxane phases. The Tg of the polyimide phase was a function of the length of the polyimide block. However, partial phase mixing was also evident from the DSC results on the imide siloxane copolymers prepared with low molecular weight polyimide segments. Thermooxidative stability and tensile properties of the perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers were found to be principally dependent on the amount of poly (dimethyl siloxane) incorporated in the copolymer and did not correlate with the poly (dimethyl siloxane) or polyimide block lengths. The stress-strain behavior of both solvent cast films or molded films is also reported. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble, amorphous, para-linked aromatic polyesters (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular factors affecting solubility in rigid-rod polyamides (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1249-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solubility of a series of para-linked, substituted phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and quaterphenyl polyamides is reported. Most of these polymers are soluble in amide solvents without lithium chloride, and several are soluble in ethers and/or ketones. The results indicate that solubility in this class of polymers is affected by the position, polarizability and size of the substituents, enantiomeric purity, and the number of non-coplanar biphenyl rings per repeat unit.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dipole-dipole interaction directed liquid crystalline polymers. I. Aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s based on 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2291-2300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polycarbonate ; polysulfone ; liquid crystal ; 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropyl sulfonyl) propane ; smectic ; X-ray ; dipole-dipole interaction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone) homo- and copolymers were prepared from 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane (Diol-333) and various alkanediols. The copolymers are random in nature since they were prepared by melt copolymerization. Both the homopolymer and the copolymers exhibited multiple reproducible first-order transitions during differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating scans, but most of them exhibited only single exotherm during cooling scans. Typical schlieren textures were observed when these polymers were cooled from their isotropic melts. The copolymers have wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns almost identical to that of the homopolymer except in the low-angle spacing, indicating their packing in the crystalline domain in similar. DSC, cross-polarized optical microscopy, and WAXD revealed that these polymers were smectic liquid crystalline at room temperature. Since aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s are flexible linear polymers with no rigid rod components, the liquid crystalline phase formation is probably directed by the dipole-dipole interactions between sulfone groups in adjacent chains. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321211
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the thermal cure of a phenylethynyl-terminated imide model compound and a phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomer (PETI-5) (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 461-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: kinetics ; polyimides ; thermal cure ; infrared spectroscopy ; DSC ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetic mechanism of the thermal cure of a phenylethynyl-terminated imide model compound, 3,4′-bis[(4-phenylethynyl)phthalimido]diphenyl ether (PEPA-3,4′-ODA) and a phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomer PETI-5 (MW 5000 g/mol) was studied. FTIR was used to follow the cure of the model compound, while thermal analyses (DSC) was used to follow the cure of the PETI-5 oligomer. The changes in IR absorbance of phenylethynyl triple bonds at 2214 cm-1 of PEPA-3,4′-ODA as a function of cure time were detected at 318, 336, 355, and 373°C, respectively. The changes in the glass transition temperature, Tg, of PETI-5 as a function of time were measured at 350, 360, 370, 380, and 390°C, respectively. The DiBenedetto equation was applied to define the relative extent of cure, x, of the PETI-5 oligomer by Tg. For the model compound, the reaction followed first order kinetics, yielding an activation energy of 40.7 kcal/mol as determined by infrared spectroscopy. For PETI-5, the reaction followed 1.5th order, yielding an activation energy of 33.8 kcal/mol for the whole cure reaction, as determined by Tg using the DiBenedetto method. However, the cure process of PETI-5 just below 90% by this method followed first-order kinetics yielding an activation energy of 37.2 kcal/mol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 461-470, 1998
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene sulfone)s and their precursors: Poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene sulfide)s (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1323-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: sulfide ; ethylene ; sulfone ; oxide ; 1,2-ethane dithiol synthesis ; oxidation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene sulfide)s with oxygen to sulfur ratios of 2/1, 2/2, and 1/2 were prepared by phase-transfer catalyzed polycondensations of (1) sodium sulfide and 1,2-bis (2-chloroethoxy)ethane, (2) 1,2-ethanedithiol and 1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, and (3) 1,2-ethanedithiol and 2-chloroethyl ether, respectively. A buffered solution with pH between the pKa of the monothiol (RSH) and the pKa2 of the dithiol (HS-R-SH), or H2S, was needed to obtain high molecular weight polymers, which suggests that nucleophiles transfer and react as monoanions rather than dianions. These poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene sulfide)s were oxidized completely to poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene sulfone)s using 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as oxidant. Both the final polymers and the precursors have regular sequenced structures and are semicrystalline. As expected, their glass transition temperatures and melting points increase and solubilities decrease with the decrease of ether oxygen to sulfur ratio. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320713
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