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  • Other Sources  (6)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (4)
  • PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR  (2)
  • 1
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    Electron showers of high primary energy in lead. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of electron cascade showers in a lead-scintillator sandwich of 8 plastic scintillators in about 20 radiation lengths of lead has been investigated. This detector, which was used for cosmic-ray studies, has been calibrated with electrons with energies from 2 to 15 GeV at SLAC. Measured shower profiles are presented, and expressions are given which allow an extrapolation of the measured data up to energies around 1000 GeV. The results are compared with analytical shower theories and Monte Carlo calculations.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: Physical Review D - Particles and Fields; vol. 5
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The generation of transition radiation by relativistic particles in plastic foam radiators (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design of large area transition radiation detectors for highly relativistic particles can be greatly simplified if plastic foam radiators are employed. Using electron beams with energies 1-9 GeV at the Cornell synchrotron, we have studied the properties of a large variety of transition radiators consisting of commercially available foam materials. In most cases, a measurable transition radiation signal has been observed, but only a few materials have been found to be suitable for practical purposes. The observed radiation yield is in these cases very similar to that of equivalent multifoil radiators. A detailed discussion is given of the particle detection efficiency that can be obtained with high yield foam radiators.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 123; 1975
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A new measurement of the cosmic ray electron spectrum from 10 GeV to 300 GeV (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons has been measured with an instrument that combines a transition-radiation detector with a shower detector. The transition-radiation detector provides unique identification of individual electrons and good discrimination against protons. At the same time, it allows the construction of a large-area instrument (0.48 sq m ? ster) and consequently makes possible a measurement of improved statistical accuracy. The instrument has been calibrated with electron beams of 5-300 GeV at Fermilab, thus eliminating energy-dependent biases. A first balloon flight yielded 30 hours of data at an altitude of 5 g/sq cm. The design of the instrument is described, along with the accelerator calibrations and the analysis of the balloon flight data. The spectrum of electrons is found to be significantly steeper than that of protons over the whole energy range.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 13, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
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  • 4
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    Design of a transition radiation detector for cosmic rays (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Transition radiation detectors consisting of sandwiches of plastic foam radiators and multiwire proportional chambers can be used to identify cosmic ray particles with energies gamma ? E/mc-squared is greater than 10 to the 3rd and to measure their energy in the region gamma is roughly equal to 10 to the 3rd
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 15, 1975 - Aug 29, 1975; Munich
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The efficient identification of relativistic particles by transition radiation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A system of transition radiation detectors has been constructed and exposed to beams of electrons and pions in the energy range of 3 to 15 GeV at SLAC. Transition radiation was generated in a variety of stacks of mylar foils (radiators), and its intensity was detected with 7 multiwire proportional chambers. The raw data demonstrate a good separation between electron and pion induced signals. A more detailed analysis shows that a very efficient identification of individual particles is possible. Typically, a detection efficiency for electrons above 90%, combined with a pion-electron discrimination ratio of .001, has been achieved. Some conclusions with respect to the design of a practical detector for relativistic particles are drawn.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 17, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Denver, CO
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  • 6
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    Recent progress in the development of transition radiation detectors (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Transition-radiation detectors have been used in several recent cosmic-ray experiments for particle identification at energies E/mc-squared of at least about 1000. In order to optimize the design of such detectors and to use them for energy measurements over a broad energy range, it is necessary to study the details of the transition-radiation process. Experimental results are presented which test the theoretical predictions more precisely and at higher energies than in previous experiments. The dependence of the interference pattern in the frequency spectrum on the radiator dimensions is studied, and the total transition-radiation yield generated by electrons in various radiators is measured over a very wide energy range, from 5 to 300 GeV. The significance of the individual experimental parameters in the design of transition radiation detectors is reviewed, and the characteristics of transition-radiation detectors capable of measuring particle energies over the range E/mc-squared from about 300 to 100,000 are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 13, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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