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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (10)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (4)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (4)
  • 1
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    Europa's phase curve - Implications for surface structure (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The surface of the Jovian satellite Europa is characterized on the basis of an analysis of ground photoelectric photometry at 470 and 550 nm and Voyager images. The data are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussed in detail. At 550 nm, Europa has single-scattering albedo 0.964, opposition-effect amplitude 0.5, opposition-effect width 0.0016, double-lobed Henyey-Greenstein factors b = -0.429 and c = 0.113, and mean roughness angle 10 deg (much lower than on other solar-system objects). From the small roughness and the 96-percent porosity implied by the narrow opposition peak, it is concluded that the surface was formed mainly by endogenic processes. It is also noted that only one of three observational criteria for preferential ion bombardment of the trailing hemisphere are met in Europa.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 90; 30-42
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  • 2
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    SAS-2 observations of gamma rays from the galactic plane (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Balloon-borne scanning spectrometer system for atmospheric extinction studies in the 350-1100 nm spectral region (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A scanning spectrometer system which is capable of being flown in high-altitude balloon studies of the earth's atmosphere is presented. The instrument is small, has a large operative wavelength range of 350-1100 nm, high data density, and real-time data telemetry to ground. A computer software package is used to provide a real-time monitor of balloon gondola and instrument performance, with the software reliability enhanced by proof of correctness techniques and exhibiting the high degree of reliability necessary for the monitoring system.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 53; Mar. 198
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  • 4
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    Time variation of Martian regional contrasts. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of contrast changes in blue light on Mars in 1969 and 1971 are presented. Seasonal effects evidently can be evaluated from these data, although nonseasonal effects are also present. A diurnal variation is noted for certain features during both apparitions. This variation cannot be fully accounted for without considering meteorological effects. An example of a contrast reversal in ultraviolet light is presented. The suggestion is made that during the Martian season covered herein, variability of the bright areas controlled the apparent contrasts observed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 20; Sept
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  • 5
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    A new look at the Martian 'violet haze' problem. II - 'Blue clearing' in 1969. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The 1969 apparition of Mars has been extensively observed by the International Planetary Patrol Program. Using this material, the distribution of blue clearing in phase angle has been examined for four Martian bright area-dark area pairs. Arabia-Syrtis Major showed a smooth variation with a maximum at opposition. Zephyria-Mare Cimmerium showed a similar behavior except for a period around 20 deg before opposition. Memnonia-Mare Sirenum showed a rather steady decline from 20 deg before opposition to 30 deg after opposition, except for an increase around 11 deg after opposition. Xanthe-Nilokeras showed a rather erratic behavior.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 18; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    UBV photometry of asteroid 433 Eros (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: UBV observations of asteroid 433 Eros were conducted on 17 nights during the winter of 1974/75. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the lightcurve varied from about 0.3 mag to nearly 1.4 mag. The absolute V mag at maximum light, extrapolated to zero phase, is 10.85. Phase coefficients of 0.0233 mag/degree, 0.0009 mag/degree, and 0.0004 mag/degree were derived for V, B-V and U-B, respectively. The zero-phase color of Eros (B-V = 0.88, U-B = 0.50) is representative of an S (silicaceous) compositional type asteroid. The color does not vary with rotation. The photometric behavior of Eros can be modeled by a cylinder with rounded ends having an axial ratio of about 2.3:1. The asteroid is rotating about a short axis with the north pole at 15 deg ecliptic longitude and 9 deg ecliptic latitude.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 28; May 1976
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  • 7
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    A new look at the Martian 'violet haze' problem. I - Syrtis Major-Arabia, 1969. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Photographic and photoelectric data obtained in 1969 have been combined to provide a relatively accurate and complete description of the so-called blue clearing phenomenon on Mars. The dark feature Syrtis Major and its surroundings are the subject of the present study. A series of comparison images of Mars in blue light was assembled to form a scale of blue clearing. The scale steps represent about the smallest readily recognizable difference in apparent contrast. The relationship between the scale number and the brightness of Syrtis Major as compared to its surroundings has been established microphotometrically. International Planetary Patrol Program photographs in blue light having Syrtis Major near the center of the disk were compared to the scale and assigned a value. The results indicate that the blue clearing of Syrtis Major was strongly dependent upon phase angle in 1969, reaching a maximum at opposition. Syrtis Major displayed a diurnal variation of blue clearing near opposition. This variation disappeared away from opposition.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 16; Apr. 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    A search for posteclipse brightening of Io in 1973. I (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Eight eclipse reappearances of the innermost Galilean satellite, Io, were observed during the fall of 1973. The measurements were made using photometers specially designed to cope with the problem of scattered light from Jupiter. Posteclipse brightening of Io was not detected and, if present, was less than our estimated detection threshold of about 0.02 mag.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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  • 9
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    UBV photometry of the Galilean satellites (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: UBV observations of the Galilean satellites made at Lowell Observatory and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory during 1973 and 1974 are reported. The dependence of brightness on solar phase angle for various faces of each satellite is determined. Significant differences in this dependence are found between different faces of the same satellite, between satellites, and between the present results and those of previous investigators. Rotational light and color-index curves are presented for the satellites and compared with earlier work. An apparent secular brightening of all four satellites between 1973 and 1974 is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 26; Dec. 197
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  • 10
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    Gravity gradient preliminary investigations on exhibit ''A'' Final report (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Quartz microbalance gravity gradiometer performance tests
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-101867 , GO-REPT-9
    Format: application/pdf
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