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  • Meteorology and Climatology  (5)
  • SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (3)
  • INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY  (2)
  • 1
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    Geosynchronous orbiting Nadir Etalon Sounding Spectrometer instrument concept for temperature, moisture and trace species, GeoNESS (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The paper describes the salient features of the Geosynchronous orbiting Nadir Etalon Sounding Spectrometer (GeoNESS) designed for applications from geosynchronous orbit for nadir sounding temperature, moisture, and trace species analyses in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Particular attention is given to the optics of GeoNESS, the optomechanical design, the cooling systems, the measurement approach used in GeoNESS, the channel selection, and the calibration considerations.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 6th, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 5-10, 1992, Preprints (A93-36051 14-47); p. 424-437.
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  • 2
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    Low earth orbiting Nadir Etalon Sounding Spectrometer instrument concept for temperature, moisture and trace species, LeoNESS (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A concept for a low earth orbiting nadir etalon spectrometer sounder (LeoNESS) is described which can achieve retrieval of temperature, H2O, surface, boundary conditions, cloudiness, and trace species with an accuracy that meets or exceeds the AIRS specifications. Options employing 65-K and 30-K detectors are examined; the former may be implemented via passive radiative cooling. The concept, which is derived from the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, has the potential for improving the horizontal and vertical resolution.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 6th, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 5-10, 1992, Preprints (A93-36051 14-47); p. 230-232.
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 225-226
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  • 4
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    The 12 micron band of ethane: A spectral catalog from 765 cm(-1) to 900 cm(-1) (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The high resolution laboratory absorption spectrum of the 12 micro band of ethane gas is studied. The data were obtained using the McMath Solar Telescope 1 meter Fourier Transform interferometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory and tunable diode laser spectrometers at the University of Tennessee and NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Over 200 individual vibration rotation transitions were analyzed taking into account many higher order effects including torsional splitting. Line positions were reproduced to better than 0.001/cm. Both ground and upper state molecular constants were determined in the analysis. The experimental details, the analysis procedures and the results are addressed. A list of ethane transitions occurring near (14)CO2 laser lines needed for heterodyne searches for C2H6 in extraterrestrial sources is also included. A spectral catalog of the ethane nu sub g fundamental from 765/cm to 900/cm is provided. A high dispersion (1/cm 12 in.) plot of both the Kitt Peak interferometric data and a simulated spectrum with Doppler limited resolution, a table of over 8500 calculated transitions listed quantum number assignments, frequencies and intensities are provided.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA-TM-85108 , NAS 1.15:85108
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  • 5
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    Determination of Surface and Atmospheric Parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB Data (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: AIRS (Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder) is the first of a series of next generation high spectral resolution infrared sounders which will fly on satellite missions in the next decade. AIRS is a 2368 channel grating spectrometer, with spectral resolving power of roughly upsilon / DELTA upsilon) = 1200, which will fly on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua platform in December 2000 accompanied by Advanced Micowave Sounding Unit (AMSU) A and High Spatial Bandwidth (HSB), which is similar to AMSU B. New methodology has been developed by the AIRS Science Team to analyze AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of multilayer broken clouds. The baseline AIRS/AMSU products include surface skin temperature, surface spectral emissivity, atmospheric temperature-moisture-ozone profiles and cloud heights and amounts. Research products include CO and CH4 profiles, total CO2 burden, and OLR. This methodology will be briefly described and results will be shown of AIRS Science Team simulations, based on one day of simulated global data. RMS errors of atmospheric temperature profiles are expected to be better than 1 K for 1 km layer mean temperatures in up to 80% multilayer fractional cloud cover and RMS errors for moisture profiles are better than 15% for 2 km layers throughout the troposphere.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Radiation; Jul 24, 2000 - Jul 29, 2000; Saint Petersburg; Russia
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  • 6
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    AIRS Impact on Analysis and Forecast of an Extreme Rainfall Event (Indus River Valley 2010) with a Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System (2011)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A set of data assimilation and forecast experiments are performed with the NASA Global data assimilation and forecast system GEOS-5, to compare the impact of different approaches towards assimilation of Advanced Infrared Spectrometer (AIRS) data on the precipitation analysis and forecast skill. The event chosen is an extreme rainfall episode which occurred in late July 11 2010 in Pakistan, causing massive floods along the Indus River Valley. Results show that the assimilation of quality-controlled AIRS temperature retrievals obtained under partly cloudy conditions produce better precipitation analyses, and substantially better 7-day forecasts, than assimilation of clear-sky radiances. The improvement of precipitation forecast skill up to 7 day is very significant in the tropics, and is caused by an improved representation, attributed to cloudy retrieval assimilation, of two contributing mechanisms: the low-level moisture advection, and the concentration of moisture over the area in the days preceding the precipitation peak.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC.JA.5014.2011 , (ISSN 0094-8276)
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  • 7
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    Improving Forecast Skill by Assimilation of Quality-controlled AIRS Temperature Retrievals under Partially Cloudy Conditions (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the Aqua satellite has been long recognized as an important contributor towards the improvement of weather forecasts. At this time only a small fraction of the total data produced by AIRS is being used by operational weather systems. In fact, in addition to effects of thinning and quality control, the only AIRS data assimilated are radiance observations of channels unaffected by clouds. Observations in mid-lower tropospheric sounding AIRS channels are assimilated primarily under completely clear-sky conditions, thus imposing a very severe limitation on the horizontal distribution of the AIRS-derived information. In this work it is shown that the ability to derive accurate temperature profiles from AIRS observations in partially cloud-contaminated areas can be utilized to further improve the impact of AIRS observations in a global model and forecasting system. The analyses produced by assimilating AIRS temperature profiles obtained under partial cloud cover result in a substantially colder representation of the northern hemisphere lower midtroposphere at higher latitudes. This temperature difference has a strong impact, through hydrostatic adjustment, in the midtropospheric geopotential heights, which causes a different representation of the polar vortex especially over northeastern Siberia and Alaska. The AIRS-induced anomaly propagates through the model's dynamics producing improved 5-day forecasts.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 8
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    Concept for Geostationary Experimental Temperature and Moisture Sounder (GETMS) (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The concept of the Geostationary Experimental Temperature and Moisture Sounder (GETMS) is described, with special attention given to the system constraints and its performance characteristics. The GETMS concept supports operation in a high-resolution 'nominal experimental mode' that could achieve spectral resolution of the order 0.2/cm in the 4.2-micron region with signal/noise sufficient to achieve temperature profile retrievals with vertical resolution of the order 1 to 2 km and accuracy to 1 K or less. The concept includes a cryogenic module to provide cryogenic cooling of the focal plane. The GETMS functional diagram and diagrams of the GETMS spectrometer and of the cryogenics module are included.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Feb 01, 1988 - Feb 05, 1988; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 9
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    The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Version 6 Cloud Products (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The version 6 cloud products of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) instrument suite are described. The cloud top temperature, pressure, and height and effective cloud fraction are now reported at the AIRS field-of-view (FOV) resolution. Significant improvements in cloud height assignment over version 5 are shown with FOV-scale comparisons to cloud vertical structure observed by the CloudSat 94 GHz radar and the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). Cloud thermodynamic phase (ice, liquid, and unknown phase), ice cloud effective diameter D(sub e), and ice cloud optical thickness () are derived using an optimal estimation methodology for AIRS FOVs, and global distributions for 2007 are presented. The largest values of tau are found in the storm tracks and near convection in the tropics, while D(sub e) is largest on the equatorial side of the midlatitude storm tracks in both hemispheres, and lowest in tropical thin cirrus and the winter polar atmosphere. Over the Maritime Continent the diurnal variability of tau is significantly larger than for the total cloud fraction, ice cloud frequency, and D(sub e), and is anchored to the island archipelago morphology. Important differences are described between northern and southern hemispheric midlatitude cyclones using storm center composites. The infrared-based cloud retrievals of AIRS provide unique, decadal-scale and global observations of clouds over portions of the diurnal and annual cycles, and capture variability within the mesoscale and synoptic scales at all latitudes.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN17474 , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; 14; 1; 399-426
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  • 10
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    AIRS Impact on the Analysis and Forecast Track of Tropical Cyclone Nargis in a Global Data Assimilation and Forecasting System (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tropical cyclones in the northern Indian Ocean pose serious challenges to operational weather forecasting systems, partly due to their shorter lifespan and more erratic track, compared to those in the Atlantic and the Pacific. Moreover, the automated analyses of cyclones over the northern Indian Ocean, produced by operational global data assimilation systems (DASs), are generally of inferior quality than in other basins. In this work it is shown that the assimilation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature retrievals under partial cloudy conditions can significantly impact the representation of the cyclone Nargis (which caused devastating loss of life in Myanmar in May 2008) in a global DAS. Forecasts produced from these improved analyses by a global model produce substantially smaller track errors. The impact of the assimilation of clear-sky radiances on the same DAS and forecasting system is positive, but smaller than the one obtained by ingestion of AIRS retrievals, possibly due to poorer coverage.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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