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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; patterning ; photolythography dielectric filters ; reactive ion etching (RIE) ; microoptics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon (PS) layer systems have a broad range of possible applications. An advantage is the good control of the refractive index and the etch rate of the layers by the applied current density and the time respectively. For micro-optical devices you need patterned PS. For some optical devices it is not sufficient to have only one filter but it is necessary to form filters with different properties on a small area. We applied a method (M. Frank, U.B. Schallenberg, N. Kaiser, and W. Buß, in Conference on Miniaturized Systems with Microoptics and Micromechanics, edited by M.E. Moamedi, L.J. Hornbeck, and K.S.J. Pister (SPIE, San Jose, 1997), SPIE Proceedings Series 3008, p. 265) to PS which fits this goal by the following steps: fabrication of the desired reflectors below each other and partial removal of upper reflectors with reactive ion etching (RIE). The technological aspects of patterning PS after the fabrication are an important topic of this work. Problems are discussed in detail and solutions are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; oxidation ; liquid crystal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we demonstrate the filling of porous silicon (PS) layers with liquid crystals (LC's) in order to control the reflectance electrically. The preparation of PS and the choice of the right group of LC's will be presented. Especially an oxidation of PS is necessary so that the methods and parameters of oxidation will also be discussed. As a first result the increasing and decreasing of the thickness oscillations in the reflectance as a function of the applied voltage can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 15 (1993), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: B-cell line ; lymphoblast ; Epstein-Barr virus ; PHA ; IL-2 ; flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple method is described for the cryopreservation of 1 ml of whole blood followed by the establishment of immortal B-cell lines (lymphoblasts). In this procedure, lymphocytes are isolated by gradient centrifugation and red cell debris is removed by panning. Transformations are initiated by Epstein-Barr infection of lymphocytes after cryopreservation of whole blood in 10% dimethylsulfoxide (−180° C) for several weeks to 2 yr. The success rate for the establishment of lymphoblasts from 115 samples of frozen whole blood is 83%. This method is compared to a second group of 126 transformations prepared from 5×106 frozen lymphocytes (90%) and a third group of 154 samples using 1×106 fresh lymphocytes (96%). Full transformation is achieved in an average of 31 days and does not vary significantly between the experimental groups. Fluorescence activated cell sorting of thawed cells from whole blood stored at −180° C for as long as 2 yr reveals normal ratios of B and T cells. The results of this study demonstrate that small volumes of blood are adequate for transformation and that whole blood may be stored at −180° C without significant loss of viability. This protocol is particularly useful for the transformation of B-cells from small blood draws and aliquots of stored blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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