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  • blood pressure  (2)
  • Hypokalaemia; β2-adrenoceptor agonist  (1)
  • Ozonolyse  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration-effect relationship of the positive chronotropic and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol in healthy women of childbearing age (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Fenoterol ; Tachycardia ; Hypokalaemia; β2-adrenoceptor agonist ; NONMEM ; pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To analyse fenoterol-induced tachycardia and hypokalaemia, the most important and most frequent adverse effects of tocolytic therapy with β2-adrenoceptor agonists in females of childbearing age. Methods: The study was performed as a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, cross over trial. Seven healthy women aged 22–38 y, received intravenous infusions of fenoterol at 3 different rates within the therapeutic range for tocolysis (0.5,1.0, and 2.0 μg⋅min−1) and placebo. The time courses of the plasma concentrations of fenoterol and potassium, and the heart rate were analysed with mixed effects pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling using NONMEM. Results: The plasma concentration-time course followed a linear two compartment model. Fenoterol-induced tachycardia was described by a linear concentration-effect model with baseline. The estimated baseline and slope parameters were 78 beats⋅min−1 and 0.032 beats⋅min−1⋅μg−1⋅l, respectively. Fenoterol-induced hypokalaemia could be described by a physiological indirect response model including feedback; the Estimated basal plasma potassium concentration was 3.93 mmol⋅l−1 and the slope factor for the fenoterol-induced relative increase in the efflux of potassium from the extracellular space was 6.22*10−4 ng⋅l−1. Conclusion: The estimated population parameters permitted calculation of the expected time course of tachycardia and hypokalaemia in women after the initiation of tocolysis with fenoterol over the clinically relevant concentration range, and prediction of its variability. Based on simulation, our model predicted that a continous infusion of 2.0 μg⋅min−1 (highest rate examined) would increase heart rate to 113 beats⋅min−1 at steady state and lower the plasma potassium concentration to 2.77 mmol⋅l−1 1.5 h after beginning the infusion. Thereafter, the plasma potassium concentration would slowly return to normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050177
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of low-dose atenolol on postural and postprandial changes in heart rate, blood pressure, venous plasma catecholamines, and plasma renin activity (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; food intake ; catecholamines ; plasma renin activity ; blood pressure ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The administration of a single dose of atenolol 50 mg 1 h before a standard 3100 kJ cold meal in fasting healthy subjects reduced the supine preprandial heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and blunted the postural and postprandial rises in mean heart rate and systolic blood pressure relative to placebo. It did not affect the preprandial supine diastolic blood pressure, nor the postural rise and postprandial drop in diastolic blood pressure. Preprandial administration of atenolol blunted the postural and postprandial rises in mean plasma renin activity, and it enhanced the rise in plasma noradrenaline during eating in the sitting position, and the postprandial concentrations of noradrenaline. The findings do not permit the conclusion that beta1-adrenergic stimulation was the predminant cause of these atenolol-responsive changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postprandial changes in supine and erect heart rate, systemic blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline and renin activity in normal subjects (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypotension ; food intake ; blood pressure ; normal subjects ; noradrenaline ; plasma renin activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects of a standard meal were assessed in a balanced cross-over study in eight normal fasting subjects, investigated under conditions applicable to many drug tests. Both the supine and erect diastolic blood pressure were reduced on average by 10 mmHg over the 4 h following the meal. The supine systolic pressure was increased on average by 2 mmHg, a difference of no biological relevance. Erect systolic blood pressure was not affected by eating. Supine heart rate was slightly but significantly increased, but the erect heart rate did not change. Postprandial plasma renin activity was increased. Venous plasma noradrenaline levels in the supine position were not affected by eating and after standing erect, and immobile for 5 min they were only slightly and not-significantly increased. A food-induced vasodepressor response combined with baroreceptor resetting is considered to have occurred in this population. The changes had a gradual onset, reaching their maximum about 2 h after eating and they were still evident after 3 h. Eating should be considered as an important potential source of bias in cardiovascular studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637672
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Abbau von polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Abbaubarkeit von Polycyclen, aromat. ; Ozonolyse ; Wasseraufbereitung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PCA) können unter den in der vorliegenden Arbeit angewendeten Reaktionsbedingungen, nämlich niedrige PCA-Konzentrationen und hoher Ozon-Überschuß, nicht zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser abgebaut werden. Als Hauptreaktionsprodukte treten bei linearanellierten PCA Chinone bzw. Chinoncarbonsäuren auf, bei orthoanellierten PCA Biphenylcarbonsäuren. Wichtige Nebenprodukte sind Oxalsäure und, von zwei begründeten Ausnahmen abgesehen, Phthalsäure; in einigen Fällen werden Benzoltetracarbonsäuren gefunden.
    Notes: Summary Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PCA) cannot be degraded into carbon dioxide and water by ozone, even if, as described in this paper, low concentrations of PCA are treated with a large excess of ozone. The main products of linear anellated PCA are quinones and/or quinone carboxylic acids. In case of ortho anellated PCA, biphenyl carboxylic acids are formed. By-products of interest are oxalic acid and, disregarding two justified exceptions, phthalic acid; in some cases benzene tetracarboxylic acids are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491047
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