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  • Humans  (53)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (38)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (38)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of follicular fluid in the porcine oviduct and its contribution to the acrosome reaction (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 30 (1991), S. 148-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Gilts ; Ovulation ; Fertilization ; Progesterone ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two experiments were conducted to measure the quantity of follicular fluid entering the porcine oviduct following ovulation and to establish its influence on the sperm acrosome reaction in vivo. Prepubertal gilts treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were used in both experiments. In experiment 1, each of 64 gilts was assigned at random to one of four treatment groups (n = 16 per group): I (preovulatory), surgery 38 hr post-hCG; II (ovulatory), (surgery) 42 hr post-hCG; III (postovulatory), surgery 46 hr post-hCG; IV (ovulation blocked), surgery 46 hr post-hCG but also treated with indomethacin (INDO) at 24 hr. At surgery, both follicular and oviductal fluid were collected for determination of volume and progesterone (P4) concentration. In experiment 2, sperm were recovered surgically from the uterine horn, isthmus, and ampulla of gilts at 46 hr post-hCG either (1) inseminated and non-INDO-treated controls (n = 5) or (2) inseminated and INDO-treated at 24 hr (n = 4). Using P4 as a marker, it was calculated that only 0.51% ± 0.10% of the available follicular fluid was present in the oviduct near the time of ovulation and that this amount had decreased 10-12-fold 4 hr later. Mean sperm concentration at 46 hr post-hCG was higher in the uterine horn than in the other two regions (P 〈 0.05) but the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm was greater in the ampulla (P 〈 0.05). The ampullae of ovulating gilts, i.e., containing follicular fluid, had a greater percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm than those in which ovulation was blocked by INDO (P 〈 0.05). The results of these experiments suggest that only a small amount of follicular fluid reaches the oviduct at ovulation and that this fluid has a stimulatory, but probably nonessential, effect on the acrosome reaction.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080300211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic β-actin promoter produces germ cell and preimplantation embryonic transgene expression (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Chicken-β-actin ; LacZ ; Beta-galactosidase ; Testis ; Transgenic mice ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cytoplasmic β-actin promoter, commonly used as strong promoter in many gene regulation studies, produces a pattern of male germ cell and preimplantation, embryonic gene expression in transgenic mice. In seven of ten expressing transgenic lines, a chicken β-actin-lacZ fusion gene was expressed in adult testes. In addition, five of the ten lines demonstrated transgene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo. This is the first example of transgene expression at the stages of both gamete and early embryo. Overall, the site or transgene integration appeared to influence transgene expression in adult tissues. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of warming velocity on motility and acrosomal integrity of boar sperm as influenced by the rate of freezing and glycerol level (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 190-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Thawing velocity ; Freezing rate ; Glycerol concentration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of thawing velocities ranging from 10°C/min to 1.800°C/min on the motility and acrosomal integrity of boar spermatozoa frozen at 1°C/min (suboptimal), 5°C/min, and 30°C/min (optimal) rate was studied with the sperm suspended for freezing in diluent containing 2, 4, or 6% of glycerol (v/v). The influence of thawing on sperm survival depends on the rate at which the sperm had been frozen. In semen frozen at a suboptimal rate of 1°C/min, the percentage of motile sperm (FMP) initially fell to 3.5-4.0% when the thawing rose to 200°C/ min, but, with further increases in thawing rate, increased and reached peak values (10.3-11.0% FMP) after thawing at 1,800°C/min. The percentage of sperm with normal apical ridge (NAR) also increased moderately with thawing rate, but the degree of improvement decreased as the glycerol level was increased. In semen frozen at 1°C/min, acrosomal integrity (NAR) was best maintained in 2% glycerol, reaching 22.9% NAR after thawing at 1,800°C/min. In semen frozen at the optimal rate of 30°C/min, the increases in thawing rates above 200°C/min substantially improved motility. Motility was generally higher in semen protected by 4 or 6% glycerol, with the peak values of 44 or 46% FMP, respectively, after thawing at 1,200°C/min. The proportion of sperm with NAR also increased with thawing rate, but as in the case of suboptimally frozen sperm it was influenced negatively by the glycerol concentration. The peak value 53% NAR was recorded in semen protected by 2% glycerol, frozen at 30°C/min, and thawed at 1,200°C/min. In view of the inverse relationship between FMP and NAR, selection of optimal conditions from among the interacting variables, freezing rate, glycerol concentration, and thawing rate requires compromising between maximal FMP and maximal NAR. Accordingly, we have adopted as optimal a protocol with a thawing rate of 1,200°C/min, a freezing rate of 30°C/min and concentrations of 3% glycerol. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy in solid state science (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: STEM ; PEELS ; HAADFI ; Nanolithography ; Super-resolution ; STM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of motile acrosome-reacted mouse sperm with nanomolar concentration of calcium ionophore A23187 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 326-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Sperm acrosome reaction ; Sperm motility ; A23187 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method to generate a population of motile, acrosome-reacted mouse sperm is described. Sperm retrieved from the cauda epididymis and vas deferens were first capacited in a 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) containing medium. Sperm were then resuspended in medium with low BSA content (0.01%) and treated with 30 nM of the calcium ionophore, A23187, which was added as a singel dose of 30 nM for 15 min at 37°C; or three sequential 10 nM doses over three 5 min intervals. Approximately 55-60% of the treated sperm population became acrosome reacted. The motility of the treated sperm sample was 40-65%, slightly lower than that of the control sperm, following addition of medium containing 3% BSA, This is in contrast to the 〈10% motility observed for capacitated mouse sperm treated with 10 μM A23187, a concentration that had been used by other investigators to induce the acrosome reaction. The ultrastructure of the 30 nM A23187-induced acrosome-reacted sperm ws similar to that of the acrosome-reacted sperm induced by solubilized zonae pellucidae. These motile, acrosome-reacted sperm were able to penetrate zone-free mouse eggs at a higher rate than the control sperm. Thus this method of treatment will be useful for further physiological experimentation with acrosome-reacted sperm. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenal medulla in neural grafting and neural plasticity (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Neural grafting ; Neural transplantation ; Parkinson's disease ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The recent history of neural transplantation using the adrenal medulla parallels an evolution in our thinking about neural grafting as a therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Initially, neural grafting was an approach to study development and regeneration. With the discovery that adrenal chromaffin cell grafts would ameliorate some of the motor deficits associated with the loss of striatal dopamine, adrenal grafts were used to provide dopamine to the dopamine-depleted striatum. However, subsequent studies showed poor chromaffin cell survival unless trophic factors were present at the site of transplantation. These experiments lead to the appreciation of the complex interactions between neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines, the grafted tissue, and the host brain's response. Thus, we find ourselves again using neural transplantation as an approach to help us better understand central nervous system plasticity and the features this plasticity shares in common with development and regeneration. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the wild-captured eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) was examined. A homogenous population of pinealocytes was the characteristic cellular element of the chipmunk pineal gland. Often, pinealocytes showed a folliclelike arrangement. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, centrioles, dense-core vesicles, clear vesicles, glycogen particles, and microtubules were consistent components of the pinealocyte cytoplasm. The extraordinary ultrastructural feature of the chipmunk pinealocyte was the presence of extremely large numbers of “synaptic” ribbons. The number of “synaptic” ribbons in this species exceeded by a factor of five to 30 times that found in any species previously reported. In addition to pinealocytes, the pineal parenchyma contained glial cells (oligodendrocytes and fibrous astrocytes). Capillaries of the pineal gland of the chipmunk consisted of a fenestrated endothelium. Adrenergic nerve terminals were relatively sparse.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium accumulation by isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle during development in tissue cultureThis investigation was supported in part by a research contract, Project 3A061102B71R-02, from the Army, Washington, D. C. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The calcium uptake and ATPase activities of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum were studied during the first six days of chick skeletal muscle maturation in tissue culture. Statistically significant increases in these activities were observed between the second and the sixth day of maturation. Increases in oxalate-dependent calcium uptake were demonstrated at concentrations of 2.5 × 10-5 M calcium and 10-4 M calcium. Calcium-binding determinations conducted in the absence of oxalate displayed changes manifested by an increase at day 5 followed by a significant decrease at day 6. Increases in total ATPase activity during maturation paralleled the sequential increases in calcium uptake. Calcium-stimulated ATPase activity, however, did not change significantly during periods of marked increase in calcium uptake, suggesting that these activities are dissociated during development of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These data demonstrate that calcium uptake and total ATPase activity increase during muscle maturation in tissue culture and that these activities are present prior to spontaneous contractions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800313
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pleiotropic phenotype of colchicine-resistant CHO cells: Cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 88 (1976), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colchicine resistant (CHR) mutants of CHO cells with reduced permeability to colchicine display extensive cross-resistance to a number of apparently unrelated compounds including puromycin, daunomycin, emetine, ethidium bromide and gramicidin D. A positive correlation was observed between the level of cross-resistance and the relative hydrophobicity of these compounds. The mutants also showed increased (collateral) sensitivity to local anaesthetics (procaine, tetracaine, xylocaine and propanolol), steroid hormones (1-dehydrotestosterone, corticosterone and 5β-pregnan-3,20-dione) and some Triton × compounds. In general, the degree of the pleiotropic response (cross-resistance or collateral sensitivity) correlated with the degree of colchicine resistance in mutant lines. These results are consistent with the pleiotropic phenotype being the result of the same mutation(s) which confer colchicine resistance and support a model for resistance in which the reduced permeability is assumed to be the result of an alteration in the modulation of the fluidity of the surface membrane.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040880104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by a novel 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue shows relation to promoter selectivity (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 552-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: apoptosis ; tumor regression ; control of proliferation ; vitamin D3 analogues ; breast cancer ; vitamin D3 receptor ; regulation of transcription ; promoter selectivity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The biologically active form of vitamin D3, the nuclear hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD), is an important regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and death. The hormone mediates its action through the activation of the transcription factor VDR, which is a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. In most cases the ligand-activated VDR is found in complex with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and stimulates gene transcription mainly from VD response elements (VDREs) that are formed by two hexameric core binding motifs and are arranged either as a direct repeat spaced by three nucleotides (DR3) or as an inverted palindrome spaced by nine nucleotides (IP9). The two VD analogues CB1093 and EB1089 are both very potent inhibitors of the proliferation of MCF-7 cultured breast cancer cells displaying approximately 100-fold lower IC50 values (0.1 nM) than the natural hormone. In addition, CB1093 is even more potent in vivo than EB1089 in producing regression of experimental mammary tumors. Moreover, both VD analogues induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, but CB1093 is effective at concentrations approximately 10-fold lower than EB1089. In accordance, the reduction of Bcl-2 protein expression showed CB1093 to be more potent than EB1089. This suggests that the antiproliferative effect of CB1093 may be related mainly to its apoptosis inducing effect, whereas EB1089 may preferentially have effects on growth arrest. EB1089 is known to result in a selectivity for the activation of IP9-type VDREs, whereas CB1093 shows a preference for the activation of DR3-type VDREs. This promoter selectivity suggests that the effects of VD and its analogues on growth arrest and the induction of apoptosis may be mediated by different primary VD responding genes. In conclusion, CB1093 was found to be a potent inhibitor of rat mammary tumor growth in vivo. CB1093 also displayed a high potency in vitro in the induction of apoptosis, a process that may be linked to a promoter selectivity for DR3-type VDREs. J. Cell. Biochem. 66: 552-562, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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