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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of root herbivory by an insect on a foliar-feeding species, mediated through changes in the host plant (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Root herbivory ; Plant water stress ; Aphid ; Insect/plant interactions ; Capsella bursa-pastoris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of root herbivory by larvae of the scarabaeid, Phyllopertha horticola, on the growth of Capsella bursa-pastoris were examined. Individuals of Aphis fabae were reared on the leaves to determine what effect, if any, root feeding has on the performance of this insect. The experiment was conducted under two watering regimes (‘low’ and ‘high’). Low watering and root feeding caused water stress in the plants and this was reflected in a reduction in vegetative biomass and an increase in the proportion of material allocated to reproduction. Supplying plants with ample water in the ‘high’ treatment enabled the water stress caused by root herbivory to be offset, but not completely overcome. Low watering and root feeding caused an increase in aphid weight and growth rate, while root feeding also increased fecundity and adult longevity. These effects are attributed to an improvement in food quality, measured by total soluble nitrogen, and caused by amino acid mobilization due to the water stress. The implications of these results in agricultural and ecological situations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of seedling mortality by subterranean insect herbivores (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 88 (1991), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Root herbivory ; Seedling mortality ; Tipulid ; Scarabaeid ; Vicia sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nature of the mortality of germinating seeds of Vicia sativa, the common vetch, was investigated in a pot trial under controlled conditions. Chafer and tipulid larvae were restricted by nylon mesh partitions to enable radicle and/or hypocotyl herbivory to occur. The effects of the two insects were very similar. In control situations, an average of 88% of the viable seed sown recruited successfully. Hypocotyl and radicle herbivory had similar effects on seedling mortality, with recruitment of viable seed sown being reduced to 52%. When both modes of attack occurred together, successful recruitment was only 34%. Feeding on both plant parts resulted in an average post-emergence mortality of 14% of the seed sown, but the effect on pre-emergence mortality was of greater importance, amounting to 41%. The mechanisms by which soil-dwelling herbivores may cause seedling mortality in the field are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320815
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf palatability, life expectancy and herbivore damage (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 544-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Leaves ; Palatability ; Life-expectancy ; Herbivory ; Apparency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Observations on leaves from plants with a wide range of life-forms, ruderals to trees, indicate that palatability to insect herbivores is strongly correlated with the life-expectancy of the leaves. The amount of damage suffered in the field is however inversely correlated with palatability; although the rate of damage is less on unpalatable leaves, their longer life means that they accumulate damage over a longer period. It is only with extremely well-defended evergreen leaves, that the total damage is less than that experienced by less palatable (but short-lived) leaves. These observations are related to the current theories on relative palatability (the apparency theory and the resource availability theory), within the framework of the habitat templet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379901
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between the effects of insect herbivory and sheep grazing on seasonal changes in an early successional plant community (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 245-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Calcicolous grassland ; Herbivory ; Insects ; Plant succession ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of spring grazing by sheep and of natural levels of insect herbivory were studied in 1985 on a limestone field abandoned from arable land for four years. A split-plot design was adopted in which paddocks, arranged in Latin squares, were either left ungrazed or heavily grazed by sheep for ten days in April. Within each paddock plots were either sprayed regularly with Malathion-60 or untreated. Natural levels of insect herbivory, compared to the reduced levels in insecticide-treated plots, had effects of similar magnitude to those from the short burst of spring grazing. Many attributes of the grazed/insecticide-treated sward were either increased or decreased by a factor of two within a season. Both types of herbivore caused changes in the direction of plant succession as well as in its rate. Effects on early successional species were large and similar when caused by either type of herbivore. Effects on later successional species were often smaller, but also showed differences in the action of the two herbivore types, as did effects on sward height, species richness and total cover. The effects of sheep and insect herbivory were not always additive or in the same direction. The results suggest that manipulations of both mammal and insect herbivores may be powerful tools for directing changes in plant community composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377291
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