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  • foraging  (2)
  • Halticoptera laevigata  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 217-220 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rhagoletis pomonella ; oviposition deterring pheromone ; foraging ; flight ; flight mill ; fruit parasite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La réponse d'insectes à leurs phéromones de dissuasion (ODP) est examinée généralement à un seul niveau de prospection, c'est-à-dire celui de la ressource individuelle elle-même. Ces marqueurs chimiques peuvent, cependant, fournir aussi des informations au prospecteur sur la disponibilité en ressources, tant au niveau de l'inflorescence qu'au niveau de l'habitat. Une telle information influence vraisemblablement le comportement de prospection à différents niveaux. Dans cette note, nous vérifions l'hypothèse que la rencontre avec des hôtes marqués par ODP influence la tendance de Rhagoletis pomonella (Dipt: Tephrit) à entreprendre des vols importants (c'est-à-dire interhabitats). Nous avons montré dans des expériences de laboratoire que les femelles lors de trois rencontres consécutives avec des fruits marqués par ODP: 1) entreprenaient plus fréquemment (19 cas sur 81 contre 6 sur 81) un vol à longue distance (c'est-à-dire ≥1000 m) et 2) parcourient des distances moyennes supérieures à celles couvertes par des femelles ayant eu la possibilité de prospecter successivement trois fruits propres (sans ODP). Nous engageons le lecteur à examiner nos résultats d'un point de vue qualitatif. Nous ne pouvons nous attendre à ce qu'un vol à longue distance se produise aussi facilement dans la nature qu'au laboratoire, étant donné le plus grand nombre de variables (par exemple, la taille de l'arbre) qui peuvent y modifier le vol réel. Pour terminer, nous discutons les coûts et bénéfices potentiels qui peuvent résulter de ce comportement.
    Notes: Abstract We tested the hypothesis that Rhagoletis pomonella females exhibit a greater propensity for engaging in long distance (i.e.≥1000 m) flight following encounters with egg-infested oviposition-deterring-pheromone (ODP) marked host fruit than similar females that encounter uninfested, clean (i.e. no ODP) fruit. Female flies which were first tethered to flight mills were presented with and permitted to explore (a) ODP-marked or (b) clean fruit and then stimulated to fly. Results showed that females that had encountered a high rate of infested, ODP-marked fruit displayed long distance flight more frequently and flew greater average distances than females that had searched uninfested fruit. We discuss there results in light of contemporary foraging theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 11 (1997), S. 145-168 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: evolution ; Halticoptera laevigata ; host-marking pheromone ; parasitoids ; patch mark ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We found evidence for patch marking in the parasitic wasp Halticoptera laevigata (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) foraging for concealed hosts. Wasps attack larvae of the fruit fly Myoleja lucida (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruits of honeysuckle. A special feature of this host-parasitoid system is the limited food supply of a patch (i.e. a fruit of honeysuckle), which allows the successful development of only a single host fly larva. Females of the parasitoid H. laevigata were found to mark the host patch with a pheromone and to abandon the patch following oviposition into a single host larva. Field data revealed that eggs of the parasitoid were spread out evenly among infested patches, with several larvae of the host fly left unparasitized in those patches that contained more than one host. Since many parasitic insects mark the parasitized host after oviposition, we assumed host marking to be the ancestral character state and studied the patch-marking behaviour of H. laevigata as a derived character state as an alternative foraging strategy. We used stochastic dynamic modelling to investigate under what conditions mutant (patch) markers would be able to invade a population of normal (larval) markers. The models suggested that, under a variety of conditions, wasps marking the patch obtained higher fitness than wasps only marking the larva. Consequently, the results from our model predict the evolution of the patch-marking behaviour found in the empirical investigation. Finally, we discuss alternative pathways to the evolution of patch marking and point out under what circumstances the evolution of a patch-marking behaviour can generally be expected.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 3 (1989), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Rhagoletis basiola ; reproduction costs ; foraging ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis was tested that egg-laying by rosehip fruit flies,Rhagoletis basiola, would lead to reduced adult survivorship compared with oviposition-deprived flies, through experimental manipulation. Oviposition-deprived flies were assigned to two groups: mated and spinster. All three treatment groups were permitted to spend equal time and energy exploring and handling hosts but only the former group were allowed to deposit eggs (three/day). Results clearly showed that ovipositing flies suffered significantly higher mortality rates and that mated and spinster flies produced similar survivorship patterns. I consider these results both as a foraging problem (i.e. laying eggs in inferior hosts can cost both eggs and life) and as a more general life history problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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