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  • Halogenated organic compounds  (2)
  • Oil pollution  (2)
  • Radiocarbon  (2)
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  • 1
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    Relationships between carbon isotopic composition and mode of binding of natural organic matter in selected marine sediments (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Organic Geochemistry 38 (2007):1824-1837, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.008.
    Description: We have investigated the relationships between radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) isotopic composition and the different modes of binding of organic matter (OM) present in surficial sediments from near-shore and continental margin sites that vary in terms of input and depositional conditions. To improve our understanding of the entire OM pool, isotopic analysis of sedimentary sub-fractions, as opposed to individual compounds, was performed. This was achieved by sequentially treating sediments by solvent extraction to examine unbound compounds, followed by saponification to cleave ester linked moieties. Isotopic analysis was then performed on the bulk sediment and resulting residues. The molecular composition of the extracts was examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the relative contributions of terrestrial and marine biomarkers were assessed. Radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) of the bulk sediment reflect a mixture of modern, pre-aged and fossil carbon. Offsets in Δ14C between the bulk sediment and sediment residues demonstrate varying associations of these carbon pools. For the majority of sites, a negative offset between extracted (EX2 RES) and saponified (SA-RES) sediment 1 residues results from the removal of relatively 4C-rich material during saponification. Saponification extracts (SAEs) are mainly composed of short chain (n-C12 to n-C24) alkanoic acids with an even/odd dominance indicating a predominantly marine algal or microbial source. This provides evidence for the protection of labile marine carbon by chemical binding. This study aims to bridge the gap between molecular level and bulk OM analyses in marine sediments.
    Description: The work was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0089172; OCE-0526268).
    Keywords: Radiocarbon ; Stable carbon ; Marine ; Sediments ; Biomarker
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
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    Natural 14C in Saccoglossus bromophenolosus compared to 14C in surrounding sediments (2011)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 324 (2006): 167-172, doi:10.3354/meps324167.
    Description: The natural radiocarbon (14C) content of whole, gut voided Saccoglossus bromophenolosus collected in Lowes Cove, Maine, USA, was compared with that of a non-voided worm, sectioned individuals, and the natural product 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) isolated from S. bromophenolosus. In all cases, the 14C content was greater than that of the sediment from which the enteropneusts were collected. The 14C content of 2 polychaetes, Glycera dibranchiata and Clymenella torquata, also collected from Lowes Cove, were similarly enriched in 14C compared to the bulk sediment. These results show that all 3 species consumed recently fixed carbon that was much newer than organic carbon in the bulk sediment. The value (+10.4‰) obtained for 2,4-DBP isolated from S. bromophenolosus in this study differs from that reported in a previous study (–170‰). The discrepancy is attributed to methodological differences. The importance of selecting an appropriate method when isolating compounds for natural abundance 14C analysis is discussed.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0221181) and the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (with funding provided by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation and the J. Seward Johnson Fund, awarded to E.L.T.).
    Keywords: Natural radiocarbon abundance ; Intertidal ; Benthos ; Macrofauna ; Halogenated organic compounds
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Contemporary 14C radiocarbon levels of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) isolated in sponge–cyanobacteria associations (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 62 (2011): 631-636, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.022.
    Description: Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable 14C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the 14C content of four OPBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2’-OH-BDE68, 2’,6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2’-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C12H22O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds.
    Description: The project described was supported in part by Grant Numbers NA16RU1496 and NA06OAR4300227 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Grant Number 5P20RR021929 from the National Center for Research Resources.
    Keywords: O-PBDEs ; Radiocarbon ; Accelerator mass spectrometry ; Sponges ; Mariana Islands ; Pacific Ocean
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
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    Long-term biological effects of petroleum residues on fiddler crabs in salt marshes (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 54 (2007): 955-962, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.015.
    Description: In September 1969,the Florida barge spilled 700,000 L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor (Buzzards Bay, MA). Today the aboveground environment appears unaffected, but a substantial amount of moderately degraded petroleum still remains 8 to 20 cm below the surface. The salt marsh fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax, which burrow into the sediments at depths of 5 to 25 cm, are chronically exposed to the spilled oil. Behavioral studies conducted with U. pugnax from Wild Harbor and a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, found that crabs exposed to the oil avoided burrowing into oiled layers, suffered delayed escape responses, lowered feeding rates, and lower densities. The oil residues are therefore biologically active and affect U. pugnax populations. Our results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas.
    Description: This work was funded by a grant from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program, under grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA16RG2273, project no. R/P-73. Additional support was provided by funding from the NSF funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program, award 0453292, an Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award (N00014-04-01-0029) to C. Reddy, and an USEPA Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship (FP91661801) to E. Peacock.
    Keywords: Oil pollution ; Fiddler crabs ; Salt marsh ; No. 2 fuel oil ; Florida ; Petroleum hydrocarbons
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Halogenated organic compounds in archived whale oil : a pre-industrial record (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Pollution 145 (2007): 668-671, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.022.
    Description: To provide additional evidence that several halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) found in environmental samples are natural and not industrially produced, we analyzed an archived whale oil sample collected in 1921 from the last voyage of the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan. This sample, which predates large-scale industrial manufacture of HOCs, contained two methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs), five halogenated methyl bipyrroles (MBPs), one halogenated dimethyl bipyrrole (DMBP), and one dimethoxylated polybrominated biphenyl (diMeO-PBB). This result indicates, at least in part, a natural source of the latter compounds. Capsule Nine halogenated organic compounds have been detected in archived whale oil from the 1920s.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0221181 and OCE-0550486), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Ocean Life Institute and the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at WHOI (with funding from The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc. and The J. Seward Johnson Fund).
    Keywords: Archived whale oil ; Natural products ; Halogenated organic compounds ; Bioaccumulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: 137001 bytes
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  • 6
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    Effect of field exposure to 38-year-old residual petroleum hydrocarbons on growth, condition index, and filtration rate of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Pollution 154 (2008): 312-319, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.008.
    Description: In September 1969, the Florida barge spilled 700,000 L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor, MA. Today a substantial amount, approximately 100 kg, of moderately degraded petroleum remains within the sediment and along eroding creek banks. The ribbed mussels, Geukensia demissa, which inhabit the salt marsh creek bank, are exposed to the spilled oil. Examination of short-term exposure was done with transplantation of G. demissa from a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, into Wild Harbor. We examined the effects of long-term exposure with transplantation of mussels from Wild Harbor into Great Sippewissett. Both the short- and long-term exposure transplants exhibited slower growth rates, shorter mean shell lengths, lower condition indices, and decreased filtration rates. Our results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas.
    Description: This work is the result of research sponsored by NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA16RG2273, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. R/P-73. Additional support was provided by funding from the NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program, award 0453292, an Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award (N00014-04-01-0029) to C. Reddy.
    Keywords: Florida (barge) ; Oil pollution ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Geukensia demissa ; Salt marsh
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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