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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5)
  • Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis  (2)
  • HL60 cells  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: solid lipid nanoparticles ; cytotoxicity ; HL60 cells ; poloxamer ; Tween 80 ; sodium dodecyl sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Assessment of the in vitro cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a function of lipid matrix (Dynasan 114, Compritol ATO 888), and stabilizing surfactant (poloxamers, Tween 80, soya lecithin, and sodium dodecyl sulphate). Comparison with other colloidal carriers should determine their potential use in the clinic. Methods. SLNs were produced by high pressure homogenisation. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring the viability of HL60 cells and human granulocytes after incubation with SLNs. Particle internalisation was quantified by chemiluminescence measurements. Results. The nature of the lipid had no effect on viability; distinct differences were found for the surfactants. Binding to the SLN surface reduced markedly the cytotoxic effect of the surfactants, e.g., up to a factor of 65 for poloxamer 184. The permanent HL60 cell line— differentiated from cells with granulocyte characteristics by retinoic acid treatment—yielded results identical to freshly isolated human granulocytes. In general, the SLNs showed a lower cytotoxicity compared to polyalkylcyanoacrylate and polylactic/glycolic acid (PLA/ GA) nanoparticles. Conclusions. Because the results are identical when using human granulocytes, differentiated HL60 cells can be used as an easily accessible in vitro test system for i.v. injectable SLN formulations. The SLNs appear suitable as a drug carrier system for potential intravenous use due to their very low cytotoxicityin vitro.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 3910-3919 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XXXII. Preparation of Dinuclear Complexes via Organometal ArsinesThe organometal arsines M — As(CH3)2 [M=C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)3W, C5H5(CO)2Fe] react with metal carbonyls M′— CO [M′=Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5, Mn(CO)2C5H5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, Co(CO)2NO and Ni(CO)3] in the usual manner to form the dinuclear complexes M — As(CH3)2 — M′ (2-4). Upon reaction with Co(CO)2C5H5 further CO elimination occurs with direct formation of arsenic-bridged complexes with metal-metal bonds (5a, b). Attempts to convert the dinuclear complexes M — As(CH3)2 — M′ photochemically into complexes with metal-metal bonds were successful only in the cases already known.
    Notes: Die Organometall-Arsine M—As(CH3)2 [M=C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)3W und C5H5(CO)2Fe] reagieren mit Metallcarbonylen M′— CO [M′= Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5, Mn(CO)2C5H5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, Co(CO)2NO und Ni(CO)3] nach üblichen Verfahren unter Bildung der Zweikernkomplexe M — As(CH3)2 — M′ (2-4). Bei Umsetzung mit Co(CO)2C5H5 bilden sich unter weiterer CO-Abspaltung direkt arsenverbrückte Komplexe mit Metall-Metall-Bindungen (5a, b). Versuche zur photochemischen Umwandlung der Zweikernkomplexe M — As(CH3)2 — M′ in Komplexe mit Metall-Metall-Bindung waren nur für die bereits bekannten Fälle erfolgreich.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3539-3549 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XLII. Cleavage of Fe—Co- and Fe—Mn Bonds by Carbonylmetal DimethylarsenidesWith the new carbonylmetal dimethylarsenides of the Mn—As, Re—As, Fe—As, and Co—As type the metal-metal bonds of the arsenic bridged dinuclear complexes FeMn(CO)8(μ-AsMe2) and FeCo(CO)7(μ-AsMe2) could be cleaved. Thus 26 chain-like trinuclear complexes with M—As—M—As—M frameworks were obtained. If these contained As—Mn—P or As—Mn—As units, they occurred with cis and/or trans configuration at manganese. From the Fe—Co compound and (CO)5Mn—AsMe2 in a side reaction the tetranuclear complex (CO)4Fe—AsMe2—Co(CO)3—AsMe2—Mn(CO)4—AsMe2—Mn(CO)5 (13) was formed.
    Notes: Mit den neuen Carbonylmetall-dimethylarseniden vom Mn—As-, Re—As-, Fe—As- und Co—As-Typ ließen sich die Metall-Metall-Bindungen der arsenverbrückten Zweikernkomplexe FeMn(CO)8(μ-AsMe2) und FeCo(CO)7(μ-AsMe2) spalten. Es wurden so 26 kettenförmige Dreikernkomplexe mit M—As—M—As—M-Gerüst gewonnen. Wenn diese As—Mn—P- oder As—Mn—As-Einheiten enthielten, traten sie mit cis- und/oder trans-Konfiguration am Mangan auf. Aus der Fe—Co-Verbindung und (CO)5Mn—AsMe2 entstand in einer Nebenreaktion der Vierkernkomplex (CO)4Fe—AsMe2—Co(CO)3—AsMe2—Mn(CO)47—AsMe2—Mn(CO)5 (13).
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3517-3538 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XLI. New Carbonylmetal Dimethylarsenides: Preparation and Formation of Dinuclear ComplexesThe carbonylmetal dimethylarsenides M—AsMe2 (M = (CO)5Mn 1, (CO)5Re 2, (CO)3NOFe 3, and (CO)4Co 4), which decompose at low temperatures, were prepared from the corresponding carbonyl metalates and Me2AsCl and except for 3 characterized by subsequent reactions. Thermally more stable derivatives thereof in which one or two CO groups are replaced by PR3 ligands could be obtained by using the phosphane-substituted carbonyl metalates or starting from 1-4 by substitution. With the exception of 3 and 4, all these organometallic Lewis bases could be fixed to carbonylmetal fragments. Thus numerous dinuclear complexes of the type M - ;AsMe2—M′ with M′ = Cr(CO)5, W(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, and Co(CO)2NO, some of which were known, were accessible.
    Notes: Die bei tiefer Temperatur zersetzlichen Carbonylmetall-dimethylarsenide M—AsMe2 (M = (CO)5Mn 1, (CO)5Re 2, (CO)3NOFe 3 und (CO)4Co 4) wurden aus dem betreffenden Carbonyl-metallat und Me2AsCl dargestellt und bis auf 3 durch Folgereaktionen charakterisiert. Thermisch stabilere Derivate davon, in denen eine oder zwei CO-Gruppen durch PR3-Liganden ersetzt sind, ließen sich durch Einsatz der phosphansubstituierten Carbonylmetallate oder ausgehend von 1-4 durch Substitution gewinnen. Mit Ausnahme von 3 und 4 ließen sich alle diese metallorganischen Lewis-Basen an Carbonylmetall-Fragmente fixieren. Dadurch wurden zahlreiche z. T. bekannte Zweikernkomplexe des Typs M—AsMe2—M′ mit M′ = Cr(CO)5, W(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2 und Co(CO)2NO zugänglich.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 1280-1289 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Inorganic Cyclopentane Variants: Organometal-Arsenic Five-Membered Rings with Fe—Co—As—Fe—As and Mn—As—As—Mn—As BackbonesBy unusual reactions the polynuclear complexes Fe2CoCp3(CO)3(AsMe2)2 (1) and Mn2(CO)7Hal-(AsMe2)3 (2, Hal=Cl, Br) were formed in moderate to good yields. Both were identified crystallo-graphically as inorganic five-membered ring systems. 1 has a Fe—Co—As—Fe—As-, 2 has a Mn—As—As—Mn—As backbone. The geometry of 1 resembles the envelope conformation, that of 2 resembles the half-chair conformation of cyclopentane.
    Notes: Durch ungewöhnliche Reaktionen entstanden in mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten die Mehrkernkomplexe Fe2CoCp3(CO)3(AsMe2)2 (1) und Mn2(CO)7Hal(AsMe2)3 (2, Hal=Cl, Br). Beide wurden kristallographisch als anorganische Fünfring-Systeme identifiziert. 1 hat ein Fe—Co—As—Fe—As-, 2 ein Mn—As—As—Mn—As-Gerüst. Die Geometrie von 1 ähnelt der „Briefumschlag“-Konformation, die von 2 der „Halbsessel“-Konformation des Cyclopentans.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 321 (1963), S. 234-245 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The transformation from the C to the B form of the sesquioxides of samarium, europium and gadolinium is investigated. The minimum temperature of the beginning of this transformation and its reaction rate depend considerably on the chemical preparation and thermal treatment of each sample. A relation between these particular phenomena can be derived from the observation of the density of the oxide samples before, during and after the transformation.
    Notes: An den Sesquioxiden von Samarium, Europium und Gadolinium wird die Umwandlung von Modifikation C in Modifikation B untersucht. Die Minimaltemperatur für den Umwandlungsbeginn und die Geschwindigkeit der Umwandlung hängen bei jeder Oxidprobe beträchtlich von der chemischen Präparation und der thermischen Vorbehandlung ab. Eine Gesetzmäßigkeit in diesen Erscheinungen ergibt sich aus Messungen darüber, welche Dichte die Oxidproben vor, während und nach ihrem Modifikationswechsel haben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Immobilized pH gradients ; Thiourea ; Apolipoproteins ; Fat emulsions ; Particle size ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) of the plasma protein adsorption pattern previously established for polymeric nanoparticles was modified and transferred to oil in water emulsions for intravenous administration. The emulsions were incubated with citrated plasma, and separation from excess plasma was performed by centrifugation under optimized conditions: 15 000 g and three washing steps with 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. With this sample preparation, coalescence of droplets could be avoided and an unchanged surface area maintained, in addition the phosphate buffer minimized artificial IgG adsorption. Critical factors affecting sensitivity were contamination of the sample by oil residues and the use of thiourea in the immobilized pH gradients. Changes in the protein adsorption pattern caused by altered surface properties of the emulsion (i. e. adsorbed Poloxamer 407) were detectable when applying the optimized protocol. Knowledge of the protein adsorption patterns and their correlation to in vivo behavior opens the perspective for the development of intravenous emulsions for controlled drug delivery.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Plasma protein adsorption ; PK-120 ; Apolipoproteins ; Gelsolin ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma protein adsorption on intravenously injectable drug carriers is regarded as an important factor for the fate of the particles in the body after their administration. Therefore, the plasma protein adsorption patterns on a number of different carrier systems were analyzed in vitro employing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The particulate systems presented in this study were polystyrene (PS) model particles, PS nanoparticles surface-modified by adsorption of a surfactant, a commercial fat emulsion, and magnetic iron oxide particles used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Most of the spots in the plasma protein adsorption patterns could be identified by matching the resulting 2-DE gels with a reference map of human plasma proteins. Several other proteins that indicated preferentially adsorbed proteins on the surface of the particles investigated have either not been identified on the reference map, or their identity was found to be ambiguous. The relevant proteins are all present in plasma in low abundance. Since these proteins were strongly enriched on the surface of the particles, the resulting spots on the 2-DE gels were successfully identified by N-terminal microsequencing. With this approach, two chains of spots, designated PLS:6 and PLS:8, were determined on a plasma reference map: inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein (also named PK-120) and a dimer of fibrinogen γ, respectively. Plasma gelsolin is presented in a 2-DE adsorption pattern of PS model particles. One of the main proteins adsorbed by droplets of a commercial fat emulsion was identified as apoliprotein H. Moreover, the positions of apolipoproteins apoC-II and apoC-III were also verified on the 2-DE protein map of human plasma. Thus, protein adsorption experiments of the kind presented in this study are increasing our insight into human plasma proteins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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