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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 1075-1084 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; Atropisomerism ; Bis(hydroxylation) ; Conformational analysis ; Palladium ; Vitamin E ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -Several new approaches for the enantioselective synthesis of the chromane moiety of vitamin E are described. Sonogashira coupling of 3a with the alkyne 4 and subsequent elimination gave 6, which was bis(hydroxylated) in 93% yield and with 85% ee. Recrystallization gave enantiopure 7a, which was hydrogenated and transformed into the vitamin E precursor 11. The bis(hydroxylation) of 18 and 21 to give 9 and 22, respectively, was less than satisfactory, proceeding with ee values of 28% and 18%. In contrast, stereoselective allylation of ketone 15 followed by removal of the protecting group or ozonolysis of the allyl moiety furnished the allyl alcohol 26 and the aldehyde 27, respectively, in almost enantiopure form, which again could be used as precursors for vitamin E. Partial hydrogenation of 5a gave the alkene 32a and that of 28 the alkene 30b, both of which show interesting atropisomerism.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 887-891 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Heck reaction, intramolecular ; Isochromane ; Palladium ; Heterocycles ; High-pressure chemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The iodoarenes 9 and 10, bearing (E)- and (Z)-alkene moieties, respectively, easily prepared by alkylation of the corresponding alcohols 7a-c and 8a-c with 2 iodobenzyl iodide, undergo intramolecular Heck reactions to give the isochromanes 12-15a-c in good yields. The selectivity of the reaction depends on the size of the substituent R in 9 and 10; increasing bulkiness of R leads to a decrease in diastereoselectivity and an increase in regioselectivity. High-pressure experiments confirm the proposed mechanism and show that bromoarenes such as 11, which tend to be unreactive at ambient pressure, give good results when the cyclisation is performed under high pressure.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 1895-1899 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Gangliosides ; Carbohydrates ; Sialic acid ; Tumor therapy ; Glycosides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glycosidation of the lactose derivative 4 with [1-13C]-sialyl xanthate 3, prepared from enzymatically obtained [1-13C]-sialic acid gave the trisaccharide 5 which was transformed into [1c-13C]-GM3 ([1c-13C]-1).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1959-1964 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: C-C coupling ; Palladium ; Silanes ; Catalysts ; Allylsilanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---One of the main problems of the Heck reaction using acyclic substrates which lead to Pd intermediates with β- and β′-hydrogens is the lack of selectivity in the formation of the double bond as the last step of the catalytic cycle. The use of allylsilanes as the alkene moiety permits control of the elimination step. Thus, the Pd0-catalysed reaction of 1a-c and 2 leads exclusively to the corresponding bicyclic compounds 11a-c. In contrast, reaction of 7 yields a mixture of 12a, (E)-12b and (Z)-12b.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 2221-2225 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Vitamin E ; Enynes ; Bishydroxylation ; Palladium ; Asymmetric synthesis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantioselective bishydroxylation of the protected hydroxymethyl enynes 7a-d and 8a, b, which are easily obtained from commercially available 5 and 6, gave the triol derivatives 9a-d and 11a, b in good yields and moderate to high enantiomeric excess. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of 9a-d and 11a, b with the iodoarene 13 led to the desired precursors for the vitamin E synthesis ent-3a-d and 15a, b.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Heck reaction, intramolecular ; α-Amino acids ; Isoquinolines ; Palladium ; Heterocycles ; Synthesis, enantioselective ; High pressure ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkylation and acylation of the alkenes 9b, c and 10a, b, which are easily prepared from the corresponding α-amino alcohols, with 2-halobenzyl and 2-halobenzoyl halides respectively, gives 11-15. These compounds cyclize with excellent diastereo- and regioselectivity to the enantiomerically pure N-heterocycles 18-20 in an intramolecular Heck reaction using 5 mol-% of Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of PPh3, TPAB and KOAc. Under the same conditions substrate 17 leads to the enantiomerically pure benzazepine 24. The reaction of the bromoarene derivatives 14-15 must be performed under high pressure to give good results.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1827-1830 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: C-C coupling ; Homosteroids ; Palladium ; Steroids ; Total synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The D-homosteroid 1 was synthesized by two successive Heck reactions starting from enantiopure 3 and the bromoarene 2 containing a (Z)-bromovinyl group. The first intermolecular Pd-catalyzed reaction leads to 6 in a highly regio- and diastereoselective way which forms 1 with an unusual cis-junction of the rings B and C by a second intramolecular Heck reaction.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycosides ; Acetals, mixed ; Enol ethers ; Anticancer agents ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acetal-glycosides are a new class of compounds which is of interest in the development of selective anticancer agents. Cytotoxic aldehydes and ketones may be released by enzymatic or acid-catalyzed hydrolysis preferentially in the tumour tissue. An alternative synthetic route to acetal-β-glucosides 4 was developed in connection with these investigations. The acetyl-protected acetal-β-glucosides 3a-h are obtained anomerically pure in 63-95% yield by reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose (1) with an enol ether 2a-h in the presence of catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid in dry tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. Deacetylation with potassium carbonate in methanol gives the free acetal-β-glucosides 4a-h.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Alkaloide ; Allylierungen ; Benzazepine ; Heck-Reaktionen ; Palladium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 22 (1983), S. 828-841 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Secologanin ; Secoiridoid glycosides ; Glycosides ; Iridoid glycosides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The monoterpene glycoside secologanin is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of most indole, cinchona, ipecacuanha, and pyrroloquinoline alkaloids, as well as of simple monoterpene alkaloids. More than a thousand alkaloids are formed from secologanin in vivo; this represents almost a quarter of this large group of natural products. It is also the parent compound of the secoiridoids. Many of the compounds derived from secologanin display a high degree of biological activity and are employed as pharmaceuticals, e.g., the dimeric indole alkaloid leurocristine (vincristine) which is used very successfully in the treatment of acute leukemia. A knowledge of the biosynthesis and biological reactions of secologanin provides a sound basis for the biosynthesis-orientated classification of numerous natural products and the taxonomy of many plants. Secologanin and structurally related substances can be synthesized in a few steps by stereocontrolled photochemical and thermal cycloadditions. Its biomimetic reaction with amines and amino acids yields other natural products and compounds of pharmacological interest.
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