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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cure kinetics ; DSC ; epoxy resin ; SAN ; thermoplastic blends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cure kinetics using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique were analyzed for a thermoplastic modified tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) epoxy resin cured with diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS), an aromatic diamine. The neat resin and its blends with the poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) of various compositions were studied by applying a phenomenological model proposed by Kamal. Kinetic parameters were determined by fitting experimental data. This model gives a good description of cure kinetics up to the onset of vitrification. Diffusion control was incorporated to describe the cure in the latter stages of cure. The results showed that the addition of SAN did not alter the nature of the reaction, but the reaction rates and final conversions decreased when SAN contents increase, due to reduction of mobility of the reacting species.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: activation energies ; degradation behaviour ; epoxy resin ; master curves ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A study of an epoxy-cycloaliphatic amine system has been realized using a thermogravimetric technique (TG). Isothermal and non-isothermal (dynamic) methods were employed to determine the kinetic data of this system. Five methods were used for determining the activation energies of this system in the dynamic heating experiments. In two of them (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger) it is not necessary to have a prior knowledge of the reaction mechanism of the degradation behaviour for this system. In the other ones (Coats and Redfern, Horowitz and Metzger, and Van Krevelen et al.) it is necessary to know this reaction mechanism, besides Criado et al. method was used for determining it. The results have shown that good agreement between the activation energies obtained from all methods can be achieved if it is assumed that the degradation behaviour of this system is of sigmoidal-rate type.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: dynamic mechanical tests ; epoxy resin ; tensile tests ; thermal degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of thermal degradation on the mechanical behaviour of a system containing both tetraglycidyl-4-4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) and a multifunctional novolac glycidyl ether (EPN) resins, cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS) has been studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. Different curing paths using the isothermal time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for this system were designed, obtaining thermosetting materials with different conversions. The influences of the degree of cure and of the aging temperature were also studied. The results showed different trends in the dynamic mechanical properties and an increase in the stiffness of the material with increasing aging time. Changes were faster and more intense with the higher temperature.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular breeding ; Germplasm ; Quantitative traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Improved-processing tomato lines were produced by the molecular breeding strategy of advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL) analysis. These near-isogenic lines (NILs) contained unique introgressions of wild alleles originating from two donor wild species, Lycopersicon hirsutum (LA1777) and L. pimpinellifolium (LA1589). Wild alleles targeted for trait improvement were selected on the basis of previously published replicated QTL data obtained from advanced backcross populations for a battery of important agronomic traits. Twenty three NILs were developed for 15 genomic regions which were predicted to contain 25 quantitative trait factors for the improvement of seven agronomic traits: total yield, red yield, soluble solids, brix×red yield, viscosity, fruit color, and fruit firmness. An evaluation of the agronomic performance of the NILs in five locations worldwide revealed that 22 out of the 25 (88%) quantitative factors showed the phenotypic improvement predicted by QTL analysis of the BC3 populations, as NILs in at least one location. Per-location gains over the elite control ranged from 9% to 59% for brix×red yield; 14% to 33% for fruit color; 17% to 34% for fruit firmness; 6% to 22% for soluble-solids content; 7% to 22% for viscosity; 15% to 48% for red yield, and 20% to 28% for total yield. The inheritance of QTLs, the implementation of the AB-QTL methodology for characterizing unadapted germplasm and the applicability of this method to other crops are discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular breeding ; Germplasm ; Quantitative traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Improved-processing tomato lines were produced by the molecular breeding strategy of advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL) analysis. These near-isogenic lines (NILs) contained unique introgressions of wild alleles originating from two donor wild species, Lycopersicon hirsutum (LA1777) and L. pimpinellifolium (LA1589). Wild alleles targeted for trait improvement were selected on the basis of previously published replicated QTL data obtained from advanced backcross populations for a battery of important agronomic traits. Twenty three NILs were developed for 15 genomic regions which were predicted to contain 25 quantitative trait factors for the improvement of seven agronomic traits: total yield, red yield, soluble solids, brix×red yield, viscosity, fruit color, and fruit firmness. An evaluation of the agronomic performance of the NILs in five locations worldwide revealed that 22 out of the 25 (88%) quantitative factors showed the phenotypic improvement predicted by QTL analysis of the BC3 populations, as NILs in at least one location. Per-location gains over the elite control ranged from 9% to 59% for brix×red yield; 14% to 33% for fruit color; 17% to 34% for fruit firmness; 6% to 22% for soluble-solids content; 7% to 22% for viscosity; 15% to 48% for red yield, and 20% to 28% for total yield. The inheritance of QTLs, the implementation of the AB-QTL methodology for characterizing unadapted germplasm and the applicability of this method to other crops are discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular markers ; Quantitative trait loci ; Molecular breeding ; Germplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A BC3 population previously developed from a backcross of Lycopersicon peruvianum, a wild relative of tomato, into the cultivated variety L. esculentum was analyzed for QTLs. Approximately 200 BC4 families were scored for 35 traits in four locations worldwide. One hundred and sixty-six QTLs were detected for 29 of those traits. For more than half of those 29 traits at least 1 QTL was detected for which the presence of the wild allele was associated with an agronomically beneficial effect despite the inferior phenotype of the wild parent. Eight QTLs for fruit weight could be followed through the BC2, BC3, and BC4, generations, supporting the authenticity of these QTLs. Comparisons were made between the QTLs found in this study and those found in studies involving two other wild species; the results showed that while some of these QTLs can be presumed to be allelic, most of the QTLs detected in this study are ones not previously discovered.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 38 (1995), S. 353-356 
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: epoxy resin ; DSC ; vitrification ; gelation ; activation energy ; time-temperature-transformation diagram ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Times to gelation and times to vitrification during isothermal curing for the epoxy system diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and 1,3-bisaminomethyl-cyclohexane were measured at different curing temperatures between 50 and 100°C. Gelation occurs around 56% conversion. Vitrification was determined from data curves of glass transition temperature, Tg, versus curing time obtained from DSC experiments. The minimum and maximum Tg determined for this epoxy system were Tgo = -37°C and Tg∞ = 150°C. Values of activation energy of the epoxy/amine cure reaction of 58 kJ/mol and 49.5 kJ/mol were obtained from Tg versus time shift factors and gel time measurements respectively. The isothermal time-temperature-transformation diagram has been established.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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