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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 598 (1991), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lithium, rubidium tetrafluoroaurate(III) ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure of Tetrafluoroaurates(III) MI[AuF4] with MI = Li, RbSingle crystal investigations on Rb[AuF4], light yellow, confirm the tetragonal unit cell (K[BrF4]-type) with a = 618.2(1) and c = 1191(1) pm, Z = 4, space group I 4/mcm-D4h18 (No. 140).Li[AuF4], light yellow too, crystallizes monoclinic with a = 485.32(7), b = 634.29(8), c = 1004.43(13) pm, β = 92.759(12), Z = 4; space group P 2/c-C2h4 (No. 13). The structure of Li[AuF4] is related to the Rb[AuF4]-type of structure.
    Notes: Einkristalluntersuchungen an Rb[AuF4], hellgelb, bestätigen die tetragonale Elementarzelle (K[BrF4]-Typ) mit a = 618,2(1) und c = 1191(1) pm, Z = 4, Raumgruppe I 4/mcm-D4h18 (Nr. 140).Ebenfalls hellgelbes Li[AuF4] hingegen kristallisiert monoklin (eigener Typ) in der Raumgruppe P 2/c-C2h4 (Nr. 13) mit a = 485,32(7), b = 634,29(8), c = 1004,43(13) pm, β = 92,759(12), Z = 4 und ist mit der Rb[AuF4]-Struktur verwandt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1426-1430 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Manganese fluorides ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Crystal Structure of MnF3 and MnPtF6Single crystal investigations of MnF3 (rubyred) confirmed the crystal structure based on powder data [2]: monoclinic, space group C 2/c-C2h6 (No. 15) with a = 892.02 pm, b = 504.72 pm, c = 1 347.48 pm, β = 92.64° with Z = 12.The corresponding determination of the crystal structure of MnPtF6, yellow, confirmed the unit cell [3] with a = 510.47 pm, c = 1 421.0 pm and γ = 120°, Z = 3 space group R 3-C3i2 (No. 148).For both compounds detailed parameters respectively interatomic distances have been obtained.
    Notes: Einkristalluntersuchungen an MnF3 (rubinrot) bestätigen den aus Pulverdaten [2] abgeleiteten Strukturvorschlag: monoklin, Raumgruppe C 2/c-C2h6 (Nr. 15) mit a = 892,02 pm, b = 504,72 pm, c = 1 347,48 pm, β = 92,64° mit Z = 12 (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten).Entsprechende Einkristalluntersuchungen an MnPtF6, hellgelb, bestätigen auch hier die Abmessungen der Elementarzelle [3] mit a = 510,47 pm, c = 1 421,0 pm und γ = 120°, Z = 3 in der Raumgruppe R °3-C3i2 (Nr. 148). Für beide Verbindungen konnten damit genaue Parameter bzw. interatomare Abstände ermittelt werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 606 (1991), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lithium samarium hexafluoroaluminate ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: LiSmAlF6  -  the First Fluoroaluminate with Divalent SamariumLiSmAlF6, the first quaternary fluoride with Sm2+ that has been obtained as red transparent single crystals, is formed while heating corresponding mixtures of the starting materials in niobium or tantalum crucibles under argon after 7-10 d at about 800°C. Orange-red, microcrystalline powder samples of LiSmAlF6 could be prepared at T ≤ 700°C after 1-2 d under the same conditions.LiSmAlF6, crystallizes as a new structure type in P6322 (Nr. 182) with a = 507.9(1), c = 1 040.5(1) pm and Z = 2 (CAD4, 2 512 Io, Rw = 2,3%). The crystal structure of LiSmAlF6 is related to the LiCaAlF6 structure type whereby the essential difference lies in the coordination of the M2+ ions. Ca2+, as well as Sr2+ in LiSrAlF6, exhibit octahedral coordination, whereas Sm2+ has, surprisingly, trigonal prismatic coordination to F-. The two triangles of the SmF6 prism are twisted by 8.3° with respect to each other.Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility show the temperature dependence typically found for Sm2+. The Madelung part of the lattice energy has been calculated and is discussed.
    Notes: LiSmAlF6, das erste in Form roter, transparenter Einkristalle erhaltene quaternäre Fluorid mit Sm2+, bildet sich beim Erhitzen geeigneter Ausgangsmenge in Niob- oder Tantaltiegln unter Ar nach 7-10 d bei ca. 800°C. Orangerote, mikrokristalline Pulverproben von LiSmAlF6 können bei T ≤ 700°C bereits nach 1-2 Tagen unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen dargestellt werden.LiSmAlF6 kristallisiert in einem neuen Strukturtyp in P6322 (Nr. 182) mit a = 507,9(1), c = 1 040,5(1) pm und Z = 2(CAD4, 2 512 Io, Rw = 2,3%). Die Kristallstruktur von LiSmAlF6 ist dem LiCaAlF6-Typ verwandt, zeigt aber den wesentlichen Unterschied in der Umgebung für M2+ : Ca2+, wie auch Sr2+ in LiSrAlF6, werden oktaedrisch, Sm2+ jedoch überraschenderweise trigonal-prismatisch von F- koordiniert. Die beiden Dreiecke des SmF6-Prismas sind um 8,3° gegeneinander verdreht.Messungen der magnetischen Suszeptibilität zeigen die für Sm2+ typische Temperaturabhängigkeit. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie wurde berechnet und diskutiert.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1661-1668 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rare earth tetrafluoroaurates(III) ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetrafluoroaurates(III) of Lanthanides MF[AuF4]2 (M = Tm, Yb, Lu).Tetrafluoroaurates(III) MF[AuF4]2 with M = Tm, Yb, Lu, all yellow, have been prepared for the first time. From single crystal data they crystallize orthorhombic, space group Pbcn-D2h14 (No. 60) with M = Tm: a = 1 102.92(8) pm, b = 904.38(8) pm, c = 2 164.46(23) pm; M = Yb: a = 1 100.98(12) pm, b = 902.23(8) pm, c = 2 157.36(23) pm; M = Lu: a = 1 099.28(18) pm, b = 900.70(15) pm, c = 2 151.50(46) pm.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurden gelbe Tetrafluoroaurate(III) der Lanthaniden MF[AuF4]2 mit M = Tm, Yb, Lu. Nach Einkristalluntersuchungen kristallisieren diese orthorhombisch in der Raumgruppe Pbcn-D2h14 (Nr. 60) mit Z = 12. Im Einzelnen wurden folgende Werte gefunden: Für M = Tm: a = 1 102,92(8) pm, b = 904,38(8) pm, c = 2 164,46(23) pm; M = Yb: a = 1 100,98(12) pm, b = 902,23(8) pm, c = 2 157,36(23) pm; M = Lu: a = 1 099,28(18) pm, b = 900,70(15) pm, c = 2 151,50(46) pm.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Quantification of global land evapotranspiration (ET) has long been associated with large uncertainties due to the lack of reference observations. Several recently developed products now provide the capacity to estimate ET at global scales. These products, partly based on observational data, include satellite ]based products, land surface model (LSM) simulations, atmospheric reanalysis output, estimates based on empirical upscaling of eddycovariance flux measurements, and atmospheric water balance datasets. The LandFlux-EVAL project aims to evaluate and compare these newly developed datasets. Additionally, an evaluation of IPCC AR4 global climate model (GCM) simulations is presented, providing an assessment of their capacity to reproduce flux behavior relative to the observations ]based products. Though differently constrained with observations, the analyzed reference datasets display similar large-scale ET patterns. ET from the IPCC AR4 simulations was significantly smaller than that from the other products for India (up to 1 mm/d) and parts of eastern South America, and larger in the western USA, Australia and China. The inter-product variance is lower across the IPCC AR4 simulations than across the reference datasets in several regions, which indicates that uncertainties may be underestimated in the IPCC AR4 models due to shared biases of these simulations.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: GSFC.JA.5767.2011 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 38
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A global intercomparison of 12 monthly mean land surface heat flux products for the period 1993-1995 is presented. The intercomparison includes some of the first emerging global satellite-based products (developed at Paris Observatory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, University of California Berkeley, University of Maryland, and Princeton University) and examples of fluxes produced by reanalyses (ERA-Interim, MERRA, NCEP-DOE) and off-line land surface models (GSWP-2, GLDAS CLM/ Mosaic/Noah). An intercomparison of the global latent heat flux (Q(sub le)) annual means shows a spread of approx 20 W/sq m (all-product global average of approx 45 W/sq m). A similar spread is observed for the sensible (Q(sub h)) and net radiative (R(sub n)) fluxes. In general, the products correlate well with each other, helped by the large seasonal variability and common forcing data for some of the products. Expected spatial distributions related to the major climatic regimes and geographical features are reproduced by all products. Nevertheless, large Q(sub le)and Q(sub h) absolute differences are also observed. The fluxes were spatially averaged for 10 vegetation classes. The larger Q(sub le) differences were observed for the rain forest but, when normalized by mean fluxes, the differences were comparable to other classes. In general, the correlations between Q(sub le) and R(sub n) were higher for the satellite-based products compared with the reanalyses and off-line models. The fluxes were also averaged for 10 selected basins. The seasonality was generally well captured by all products, but large differences in the flux partitioning were observed for some products and basins.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: GSFC.JA.5761.2011 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 116
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