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  • 1
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    Report of the Interdivisional Committee on Borderland Fields Between Geology, Physics, and Chemistry, 1937 (1938)
    Nat. Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography
    In:  London, Nat. Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography, vol. 159, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Project report/description ; Geol. aspects
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP tropical field program - A case study (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Overflights of a tropical cyclone during the Australian winter monsoon field experiment of the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) show the presence of two mesoscale phenomena: a vertically propagating gravity wave with a horizontal wavelength of about 110 km and a feature with a horizontal scale comparable to that of the cyclone's entire cloud shield. The larger feature is fairly steady, though its physical interpretation is ambiguous. The 110-km gravity wave is transient, having maximum amplitude early in the flight and decreasing in amplitude thereafter. Its scale is comparable to that of 100-to 150-km-diameter cells of low satellite brightness temperatures within the overall cyclone cloud shield; these cells have lifetimes of 4.5 to 6 hrs. These cells correspond to regions of enhanced convection, higher cloud altitude, and upwardly displaced potential temperature surfaces. The temporal and spatial distribution of meteorological variables associated with the 110-km gravity wave can be simulated by a slowly moving transient forcing at the anvil top having an amplitude of 400-600 m, a lifetime of 4.5-6 hrs, and a size comparable to the cells of low brightness temperature.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; D5; p. 8611-8638.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Comparisons of the NASA ER-2 meteorological measurement system with radar tracking and radiosonde data (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Measurements of aircraft longitude, latitude, and velocity, and measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and horizontal wind from the meteorological measurement system (MMS) on board the NASA ER-2 aircraft were compared with independent measurements of these quantities from radiosondes and radar tracking of both the ER-2 and radiosonde balloons. In general, the comparisons were good and within the expected measurement accuracy and natural variability of the meteorological parameters. Radar tracking of the ER-2 resolved the velocity and position drift of the inertial navigation system (INS). The rms errors in the horizontal velocity components of the ER-2, due to INS errors, were found to be 0.5 m/s. The magnitude of the drift in longitude and latitude depends on the sign and magnitude of the corresponding component velocity drift and can be a few hundredths of a degree. The radar altitudes of the ER-2 and radiosondes were used as the basis for comparing measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and horizontal wind from these two platforms. The uncertainty in the MMS horizontal wind measurement is estimated to be +/- 2.5 m/s. The accuracy of the MMS pressure and temperature measurements were inferred to be +/- 0.3 hPa and +/- 0.3 K.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (ISSN 0739-0572); 9; 3, Ju; 210-225
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Horizontal wind fluctuations in the stratosphere during large-scale cyclogenesis (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The meteorological measurement system (MMS) on the U-2 aircraft measured pressure, temperature, and the horizontal wind during a cyclogenesis event over western United States on April 20, 1984. The mean horizontal wind in the stratosphere decreases monotonically with altitude. Superimposed on the mean stratospheric wind is a perturbation wind vector, which is an elliptically polarized wave with an amplitude of 4 to 10 m/s and a vertical wavelength of 2 to 3 km. The perturbation wind vector rotates anticyclonically (clockwise) with altitude and produces alternating advection in the plane of the aircraft flight path. This differential advection folds surfaces of constant tracer mixing ratio and contributes to the observed tracer laminar structures and inferred cross-jet transport.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 17
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Temperature and horizontal wind measurements on the ER-2 aircraft during the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The accuracy of temperature, pressure, potential temperature, and horizontal wind measurements is discussed in connection with the use of Meteorological Measurement System data in the AAOE. The vertical distribution of temperature measurements and latitudinal variations of the zonal wind for 12 flights over Antarctica during the 1987 AAOE campaign are summarized. Model atmospheres from 0 to 32 km at 70 deg and 55 deg S for the August-September period are constructed. Above the 420 K isentropic surface, the polar vortex remains strong throughout August and September of 1987.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11573-11
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Calibration of the ER-2 meteorological measurement system (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) on the high altitude ER-2 aircraft was developed specifically for atmospheric research. The MMS provides accurate measurements of pressure, temperature, wind vector, position (longitude, latitude, altitude), pitch, roll, heading, angle of attack, angle of sideslip, true airspeed, aircraft eastward velocity, northward velocity, vertical acceleration, and time, at a sample rate of 5/s. MMS data products are presented in the form of either 5 or 1 Hz time series. The 1 Hz data stream, generally used by ER-2 investigators, is obtained from the 5 Hz data stream by filtering and desampling. The method of measurement of the meteorological parameters is given and the results of their analyses are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington, 4th Airborne Geoscience Workshop; p 111-112
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Applications of the ER-2 meteorological measurement system (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The NASA ER-2 aircraft is used as a platform for high altitude atmospheric missions. The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) was developed specifically for atmospheric research to provide accurate high resolution measurements of pressure, temperature, and the 3-D wind vector with a sampling rate of 5/s. The MMS consist of three subsystems: (1) an air motion sensing system to measure the velocity of the air with respect to the aircraft; (2) a high resolution inertial navigation system (INS) to measure the velocity of the aircraft with respect to the earth; and (3) a data acquisition system to sample, process, and record the measurement quantities. MMS data have been used extensively by ER-2 investigators in elucidating the polar ozone chemistry. Herein, applications on atmospheric dynamics are emphasized. Large scale (polar vortex, potential vorticity, model atmosphere), mesoscale (gravity waves, mountain waves) and microscale (heat fluxes) atmospheric phenomena are investigated and discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington, 4th Airborne Geoscience Workshop; p 125-126
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    The NASA-ER2 meteorological measurement system: Instrumentaion, calibration and intercomparison results (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The NASA ER-2 aircraft is used as a platform for high altitude atmospheric missions. The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) was designed specifically for atmospheric research to provide accurate, fast response, in situ measurements of pressure, temperature, and the three dimensional wind vector. The MMS consists of three subsystems: an air motion sensing system to measure the velocity of the air with respect to the aircraft, a high resolution Inertial Navigation System (INS) to measure the velocity of the aircraft with respect to the Earth, and a Data Acquisition System, to sample, process and record the measured quantities. Details of each of these systems are given. The location of the MMS instrumentation is illustrated. The calibration of the MMS is discussed and results on an intercomparison of MMS measurements, Vaisala radiosonde observation and radar tracking data are given. An illustration of the MMS measurement of vertical wind is given.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: DLR, International Workshop on the Airborne Measurement of Wind, Turbulence and Position: Workshop Report; p 51-55
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Kidson's relation between sunspot number and the movement of high pressure systems in Australia (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Kidson's relation is briefly described. It is concluded that if a relation is found between sunspots and weather, it is likely to appear in the march of high and low pressure systems around the poles.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 43-45
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Mesoscale disturbances in the tropical stratosphere excited by convection - Observations and effects on the stratospheric momentum budget (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Aircraft temperature and pressure measurements as well as satellite imagery are used to establish the amplitudes and the space and time scale of potential temperature disturbances over convective systems. A conceptual model is proposed for the generation of mesoscale gravity waves by convection. The momentum forcing that a reasonable distribution of convection might exert on the tropical stratosphere through convectively excited mesoscale gravity waves of the observed amplitudes is estimated. Aircraft measurements show that presence of mesoscale disturbances in the lower stratospheric temperature, disturbances that appear to be associated with underlying convection. If the disturbances are convectively excited mesoscale gravity waves, their amplitude is sufficient that their breakdown in the upper stratosphere will exert a zonal force comparable to but probably smaller than the planetary-scale Kelvin waves.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 50; 8; p. 1058-1075.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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