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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (359)
  • General Chemistry  (110)
  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History  (14)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: β-glucosidase ; Kluyveromyces fragilis ; DNA sequence ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The complete nucleotide sequence of the β-glucosidase gene of Kluyveromyces fragilis has been determined. This sequence contains an open reading frame of 2535 base pairs encoding a protein of 845 amino acids. Analysis of the transcription products revealed only one transcript of about 3 kb identical in both Kluyveromyces fragilis and in the expression host Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein molecular weight of 93,811 Kd deduced from the sequence is consistent with the 90,000 Kd determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the purified protein. Mapping of the starts of transcription shows that two starting points are used in the natural host Kluyveromyces fragilis. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with that of other β-glucosidases revealed three regions of homology. One of these regions contains an amino acid sequence very similar to a peptide isolated from the active site of β-glucosidase A3 from Aspergillus wentii and could be implicated in the catalytic mechanism of these glucolytic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1973), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The segmental motion of poly(2-vinyl pyridine), in CDCl3 and CD3OD solutions has been studied by 13C spin lattice relaxation time measurements. The relaxation time of carbons is virtually independent of the rel. molecular mass and polymer tacticity. However, it is slightly longer for ring carbons than for chain ones, suggesting a slow rotational oscillation of the rings around the Cα - C5 axis. In the case of the polyelectrolyte [poly(2-vinyl pyridinium ion)], a slight increase of the rigidity of the chain is observed, which may be attributed to the repulsion between the positively charged rings. Additional ESR experiments have shown that the α-protons of the chain are located in the plane of pyridyl rings, thus defining their equilibrium position with respect to the chain.
    Notes: Les mouvements segmentaires de la poly(vinyl-2 pyridine) (PV2P) en solution dans CDCl3 et CD3OD ont été étudiés par mesure du temps de relaxation T1 des carbones-13. Le temps de relaxation de ces carbones est pratiquement indépendant de la masse moléculaire et de la tacticité du polymère. Il est cependant un peu plus long pour les carbones des cycles que pour ceux de la chaîne, ce qui suggère un mouvement lent de libration de ces cycles autour de l'axe Cα - C5. Dans le cas de la forme polyélectrolyte de la PV2P (ion pyridinium) on note un accroissement sensible de la rigidité de la chaîne du fait de la répulsion qui s'exerce entre les cycles chargés positivement. Des expériences complémentaires de R.P.E. indiquent que les protons α de la chaîne se situent dans le plan des cycles pyridyles, ce qui permet de définir la position d'équilibre de ces derniers par rapport à la chaîne.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1601-1605 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen peroxide is cleaved by UV irradiation (253,7 nm) into two hydroxyl radicals which can be used as initiators of polymerization, in order to give hydroxytelechelic polymers. Yields and number average molecular weights are influenced by the presence of an alcohol in the reaction medium, and the results depend on the solubility of the polymer in the alcohol used. The polymerisation of methyl methacrylate in methanol, being a non-solvent for the polymer, is described in the present paper. The characteristics of the polymers obtained are studied: distribution of molecular weights, microstructures, proportion of hydroxyl groups per macromolecule; the influence of several parameters - reaction time, proportion of hydrogen peroxide, and nature of the reaction medium - is also studied.
    Notes: Sous l'action du rayonnement ultra-violet (253,7 nm), le peroxyde d'hydrogène est scindé en radicaux hydroxyle pouvant agir comme agents d'amorcage d'un processus de polymérisation. On peut ainsi obtenir des polymères hydroxytéléchéliques. L'adjonction d'un alcool au milieu réactionnel modifie les conditions de la polymérisation et permet de moduler les taux de conversion et les masses molécularies moyennes en nombre. Les résultats sont différents selon que le polymère est soluble ou non dans l'alcool. La polymérisation du méthacrylate de méthyle selon ce procédé, dans le méthanol non-solvant du polymère, fait l'object du présent travail. La nature des polymères obtenus est déterminée: mode de distribution des masses moléculaires, microstructure, taux de groupements hydroxyle par macromolécule; l'influence de divers paramètres est également étudiée: durée, proportions d'eau oxygénée, nature du milieu réactionnel.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 839-846 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The addition of benzoic acid to the oxirane ring of epoxidized polymers of dienes is limited by side reactions which are promoted by increase of time, temperature, or epoxide concentration. Only high [Acid]/[Epoxide] ratios afford good yields of modification of the epoxidized polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 2,3-Epoxypropyl esters were obtained in two steps from carboxylic acids or in one step from their alkali salts by reaction with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane or from the acid chloride with 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. The kinetic parameters of these reactions were studied with acetic acid and sodium acetate to evaluate the optimal conditions for the synthesis of these esters with the intention to apply them to polymers containing carboxylic groups.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymers containing cinnamic acid units were obtained by chemical modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) by cinnamic acid derivatives with a carbon-carbon double bond in para position. The reactivity of the acid chloride is lowered by the inductive effect of the double bond. Polycondensation of these derivatives, when difunctional, leads to low-molecular-weight polyamides and polyesters with good yields. The introduction of acrylic or methacrylic groups on photosensitizers has also been studied, leading to monomers which can be polymerized by a radical process, or copolymerized with the previous monomers, the polymer bearing then the photosensitizer and the cinnamic double bond on the same chain.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Three acrylate monomers having mesogenic moieties based on 4-(n)-alkyloxy-4′-(2-chloro-propanoyloxy)biphenyl (n = 6, 8 or 10) have been synthesized. There is no evidence for liquid-crystal properties in any of the three new monomers. The corresponding polymers have been prepared by free-radical polymerization. Their liquid-crystal behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. On cooling from the isotropic liquid, smectic A (SA), smectic B (SB) and crystalline phases (probably crystal-like SE phases) have been evidenced. It should be noted that the chlorine atoms in the chiral groups do impose a local ordering of the mesogenic side groups.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: On heating, hydrogen peroxide is cleaved into hydroxyl radicals, which can be used as initiators of polymerization in order to give hydroxylated polymers of low molecular weight. The conversion and the number average molecular weights are influenced by the presence of an alcohol in the reaction medium, and the results depend on the solubility of the polymer in the applied alcohol. The following characteristics of the polymerisation of vinyl acetate in methanol are studied: distribution of molecular weights, microstructures, proportion of hydroxyl groups in the macromolecule. The influence of several parameters as reaction time, temperature, proportion of hydrogen peroxyde and solvent, is also investigated.
    Notes: Sous l'action de la chaleur, le peroxyde d'hydrogène est scindé en radicaux hydroxyle pouvant agir comme agents d'amoràe d'un processus de polymérisation. On peut ainsi obtenir des polymères hydroxylés de petites masses moléculaires. L'adjonction d'un alcool au milieu réctionnel modifie les conditions de la polymérisation et permet de moduler les taux de conversion et les masses moléculaires moyennes en nombre. Les résultats sont différents selon que le polymère est soluble ou non dans l'alcool. La polymérisation de l'acétate de vinyle selon ce procédé, dans le méthanol solvant du polymère, fait l'objet du présent travail. La nature des polymères obtenus est déterminée: mode de distribution des masses moléculaires, microstructure, taux de groupements hydroxyle par macromolécule; l'influence de divers paramètres est éaglement étudiée: durée, température, proportions d'eau oxygénée et de solvant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 2109-2121 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The addition of benzoic acid to the oxirane ring of model compounds for epoxidized polymers of dienes was studied. A convenient reaction rate was observed for temperatures of about 100°C. It was found that the addition reaction can be catalysed by basic compounds. Kinetic studies showed the influence of solvent nature, of concentration of reagents, of catalysts, and of the epoxide structure. The reactivities of various acids showing particular properties (drugs, UV-absorbers, herbicides) were investigated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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